Inventarisasi Penyakit Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung dan Tanjung Raya, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatra Barat

Abstract

Tanaman padi merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan penting di dunia. Penurunan produksi padi di Indonesia dan khususnya Sumatra Barat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor penyakit tanaman seperti cendawan, bakteri, virus, dan nematoda. Berbagai macam penyakit yang mengancam produksi komoditas tanaman pangan telah dilaporkan termasuk komoditas tanaman padi. Patogen dapat merusak bagian tertentu atau bahkan seluruh organ tanaman. Faktor lingkungan menjadi salah satu penyebab pemencaran penyakit pada tanaman padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengamati dan melakukan penghitungan kejadian dan keparahan penyakit tanaman padi di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung dan Tanjung Raya, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatra Barat. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan dalam lima tahap yaitu wawancara petani, penentuan tanaman contoh, penghitungan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, penghitungan produksi padi, serta analisis data. Penyakit tanaman padi yang ditemukan yaitu hawar daun bakteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae), blas (Pyricularia oryzae), hawar daun pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani), pucuk putih (Aphelenchoides besseyi), bercak cokelat sempit (Cercospora oryzae), dan busuk bulir bakteri (Burkholderia glumae). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh lahan pengamatan ditemukan penyakit tanaman padi dengan lahan LB1, LB3, LB5, TR2, TR3, TR5 rata rata menunjukkan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit yang tinggi dibandingkan lahan pengamatan lainnya.

Rice Plant is one of the most important food commodities in the world. The decline in rice production in Indonesia and especially West Sumatra is caused by several plant disease factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Various diseases that threaten the production of food crop commodities have been reported, including rice commodities. Pathogens can damage certain parts or even entire plant organs. Environmental factors are one of the causes of the spread of disease in rice plants. The purpose of this study was to observe and calculate the incidence and severity of rice disease in Lubuk Basung and Tanjung Raya, Agam, West Sumatra. The research will be carried out in five stages, farmers interview, determining sample plants, calculating disease incidence and severity, calculating rice production, and analyzing data. Rice plant diseases found were bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae), blast (Pyricularia oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), white tip (Aphelenchoides besseyi), narrow brown spot (Cercospora oryzae), and bacterial grain rot (Burkholderia glumae). The results showed that all of the observed rice plant diseases were found with LB1, LB3, LB5, TR2, TR3, TR5 fields on average showing a high incidence and severity of disease compared to other observation fields.