Karakteristik Kimia Kulit Kayu Gemor (Alseodaphne spp.)

Abstract

Sifat kimia merupakan salah satu sifat dasar yang berpengaruh pada pemanfaatan biomasa berdasarkan komponennya seperti untup pulp, energi, farmasi, dan bahan kimia lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan nilai manfaat kulit gemor dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan produk berdasarkan komponen kimianya, sehingga diperlukan informasi tentang kadar komponen kimia dan sifat kimianya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kadar komponen kimia, proksimat, dan fitokimia kulit kayu gemor. Sampel kulit gemor berasal dari Kabupaten Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah. Penentuan kadar komponen kimia mengacu pada TAPPI dan metode Browning, analisis proksimat mengacu pada standar ASTM, dan analisis fitokimia mengacu pada metode Harbone. Kadar komponen kimia kulit gemor terdiri atas holoselulosa 63,59%, α-selulosa 46,19%, hemiselulosa 17,39%, lignin 43,56%, kadar abu 1,32%, kelarutan dalam air panas 19,49%, kelarutan dalam air dingin 18,21%, kelarutan dalam NaOH 1% 47,65%, dan ethanol-benzena 27,66%. Kulit gemor memiliki zat terbang 78,04% dan karbon terikat 20,64%. Analisis fitokimia mengkonfirmasi adanya senyawa flavanoid, phenolic, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid dalam kulit kayu gemor. Kulit gemor berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bioenergi karena mengandung kadar lignin dan zat ekstraktif yang tinggi.

Chemical properties is one of the basic properties that affect the utilization of biomass based on its components such as for pulp, energy, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. To increase the value of the benefits of gemor bark , it can be done through product development based on its chemical components, so information about the content of chemical components is needed. This study aims to examine the content of chemical components, proximate, and phytochemical gemor bark. Gemor bark samples were taken from Katinga, Central Kalimantan. Determination of chemical component content refers to TAPPI standard and Browning method, proximate analysis refers to ASTM standard, and phytochemical analysis refers to the Harbone method. The chemical component content of gemor bark consists of holocellulose 63.59%, α-cellulose 46.19%, hemicellulose 17.39%, lignin 43.56%, ash content 1.32%, solubility in hot water 19.49%, solubility in cold water 18.21%, solubility in 1% NaOH 47.65%, and ethanol-benzene 27.66%. Gemor bark has 78.04% volatile matter and 20.64% fixed carbon. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoid, phenolic, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid compounds in gemor bark. Gemor bark has the potential as a bioenergy raw material because it contains high content of lignin and extractive substances.