Dampak Makroplastik Terhadap Ekosistem Mangrove di Teluknaga, Kabupaten Tangerang

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove sering kali menjadi tempat berakhirnya segala bahan pencemar dari daratan. Makroplastik adalah sampah terbanyak yang ditemukan di kawasan ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi pengaruh pencemaran makroplastik terhadap kerapatan mangrove dan kelimpahan biota perairan di kawasan mangrove Tanjungburung dan Tanjungpasir, Teluknaga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan mangrove Desa Tanjungburung dan Tanjungpasir pada bulan Maret sampai April 2021. Data yang diambil meliputi jumlah individu mangrove, jenis mangrove, diameter batang mangrove, jumlah makroplastik, penutupan serta ketebalan makroplastik pada substrat, jumlah biota perairan, dan jenis biota perairan. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kondisi mangrove yang seragam. Pencemaran makroplastik menyebabkan kondisi mangrove di Tanjungburung sangat buruk, walaupun kurang berpengaruh terhadap biota perairan di dalamnya. Akar mangrove yang tertutup oleh makroplastik dapat menghambat proses penyerapan air, pertukaran gas, dan fotosintesis yang terjadi pada akar mangrove. Kata kunci: Biota, makroplastik, mangrove

Mangrove ecosystems are naturally become the final destination of wastes from land. Macroplastic is the most dominant type of waste found in the mangrove ecosystem. This research aims to estimate the effect of macroplastic pollution on mangrove density and abundance of aquatic biota in the Tanjungburung and Tanjungpasir mangrove areas, Teluknaga District, Tangerang Regency. The research was carried out in the mangrove area of Tanjungburung and Tanjungpasir Village, Teluknaga District from March to April 2021. The data collected include the number of individual mangroves, mangrove species, mangrove trunk diameter, the amount of macroplastic, the cover and thickness of macroplastic on the substrate, the number of aquatic biota, and the type of aquatic biota. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling based on uniform mangrove conditions. Macroplastic pollution causes the condition of mangroves in Tanjungburung to be very bad, although it has little effect on the aquatic biota in the ecosystems. Mangrove roots covered by macroplastic have been inhibit the process of water absorption, gas exchange, and photosynthesis that occur in mangrove roots. Keywords: Biota, macroplastic, mangrove