Proses Bioremediasi Pasir Pantai Terkontaminasi Minyak Bumi menggunakan Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) dan Bakteri Indigenus

Abstract

Oil pollution in coastal areas due to oil spills is an environmental issue that needs a further concern. Several oil spills have been occurring frequently in the worldwide, such as at Malacca strait and the Northern coast of West Java Province. Crude oil contains persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are difficult to degrade. This study aimed to obtain bacterial strains that could degrade crude oil, through bacterial isolate characterization, and crude oil biodegradation test in a crude oil-enriched microcosm model. Bacterial isolation was carried out by crude oil enrichment in the bacterial, followed by the bacterial purification, characterization, and identification. From the isolated bacteria, two strains were selected with a higher TPH degradation value, namely CYA20 and CYA27. The CYA20 was tolerant to NaCl up to 4%, while the CYA27 could grow up to 12% NaCl concentration. The strain was also tolerant to the pH of 5 – 9 and temperature of 10 – 50 oC. Both strains were observed to utilize POPs, such as phenanthrene and fluorene. Both strains could produce biosurfactants and perform an emulsification activity in paraffin from 0.373-0.533. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, these bacterial strains are identified as Acinetobacter baumannii CYA20 and Bacillus subtilis CYA27, respectively. Therefore, both strains have the potential as biodegradation agents developed in the bioremediation process of crude oil-contaminated environments.