Perubahan Spesifikasi Unit Penangkapan dan Daerah Penangkapan Hiu Nelayan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur

Abstract

Nelayan Tanjung Luar menggunakan rawai hanyut dan rawai dasar untuk menangkap hiu. Hiu lanjaman (C. falciformis), salah satu jenis yang tercantum pada Appendiks II CITES, adalah jenis ikan yang dominan tertangkap. Pemerintah Indonesia memerlukan sejumlah informasi dalam pengelolaan perikanan ini dengan melakukan pemantauan. Informasi yang diperlukan seperti, komposisi hiu yang tertangkap, perkembangan unit penangkapan, daerah penangkapan serta persepsi nelayan. Informasi tersebut berguna untuk menyusun strategi pengelolaan perikanan hiu. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi perubahan spesifikasi unit penangkapan, daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan selama 2014-2020, persepsi serta optimisme nelayan hiu. Pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan lapang dan mewawancarai 30 nelayan serta analisis statistik perikanan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan NTB yang bersumber dari hasil pemantauan Wildlife Conservation Society. Analisis deskriptif dan buffer analysis dilakukan terhadap data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah kapal penangkap hiu berkurang karena rusak, jumlah maksimum pancing yang dibawa berkurang sesuai dengan kebijakan lokal. Daerah operasi penangkapan hiu cenderung mengarah ke timur, fokus pada perairan sebelah barat Pulau Sumba. Ukuran hiu lanjaman yang tertangkap semakin besar, petunjuk bahwa stok hiu lanjaman dalam status terjaga, porsi hiu lanjaman yang tertangkap rawai hanyut semakin banyak sedangkan yang tertangkap rawai dasar semakin sedikit. Nelayan masih optimis dengan penangkapan hiu sebagai mata pencaharian utama mereka.

Fishers from Tanjung Luar operate drift longlines and bottom longlines to catch sharks. Silky sharks (C. falciformis), a species under CITES Appendix II, is a dominant species of their catch. Government of Indonesia needs some information for managing the fisheries by conducting monitoring program. The information needed includes, among others, the species composition of captured sharks, changes in fishing units and fishing ground, and the fishermen's perception. This information can be used for determining fisheries management strategies. This study aims to identify some changes in the specifications of fishing units, fishing grounds, catch composition, perceptions and optimism of the fishers during 2014-2020. Data collection was conducted through field observations, interviews with 30 fishers and some analysis on fisheries statistics from the Agency of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of NTB generated from monitoring program conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society. Descriptive and buffer analysis were performed to provide the needed information. The results showed a reduction in the number of shark fishing vessels due to physical damage and reduction in the number of fishing hooks per fishing vessel due to local fisheries regulation. Fising operation for shark has been shifting eastward with a focus of around the western waters of Sumba Island. The capture size of the silky shark is getting larger, an indication of a stable status of the fish stock, the portion of the silky shark in the catch from the drift longlines has been increasing while that from the bottom longines is getting fewer. Fishers are still optimistic about their fisheries as their livelihood.