Pengaruh Zat Ekstraktif Kayu Manglid (Magnolia Sumatrana Miq.) terhadap Nilai Kalor Batang Sawit

Abstract

Zat ekstraktif merupakan komponen kimia dalam kayu yang mudah dilarutkan menggunakan pelarut polar, maupun nonpolar. Walaupun secara kuantitatif kandungan zat ekstraktif relatif kecil tetapi mempunyai peranan yang penting terhadap sifat kayu dan pengolahanya, salah satunya adalah meningkatkan nilai kalor kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat ekstraktif kayu manglid terhadap peningkatan nilai kalor biomassa sawit. Serbuk kayu manglid dimaserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut dengan polaritas yang berbeda yaitu n-heksana, etil eter, etil asetat, dan aseton. Selanjutnya masing-masing fraksi yang dihasilkan ditambahkan ke biomassa sawit dengan konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%, dan diukur nilai kalornya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kadar ekstraktif yang dihasilkan bervariasi antara 0,27% - 0,99%, sedangkan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan 3580 – 3971 kkal/kg. Hasil analisis proksimat menghasilkan kadar air 11,27% - 15,59%, kadar abu 2,48% - 3,08, kadar zat terbang 78,08% - 80,16%, dan kadar karbon terikat 16,92% - 18,79%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan fraksi n-heksana meningkatkan nilai kalor biomassa sawit tertinggi.

Wood extractive substances are chemical components that can be easily dissolved using polar and nonpolar compounds. Although the quantity of extractives is relatively small, it has an important role in the properties of wood and its processing, one of which is increasing the calorific value of wood. The objectives of this study is to analyze the effect of manglid wood extractives to increase caloric value on oil palm biomass. Manglid wood was macerated using n-hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone as solvents with different polarities. Furthermore, each fraction was added to the oil palm biomass with concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% and the calorific value was measured. The results show that the extractive content produced varied between 0.27% - 0.99%, while the calorific value is 3580 - 3971 kcal/kg. Proximate analysis show that moisture content range from 11.27% to 15.59%, ash content range from 2.48% to 3.08%, volatile matter content range from 78.08 to 80.16%, and bound carbon content range from 16.92% to 18 ,79%. From this study, it is concluded that the addition of the n-hexane fraction increased the calorific value of the oil palm biomass.