Pengaruh Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Negara Lower Middle Income

Abstract

Produktivitas tenaga kerja merupakan satuan yang menunjukkan kemampuan negara dalam mengelola sumber daya manusia. Efisiensi produktivitas tenaga kerja akan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dalam lima tahun terakhir, kategori negara lower middle income mengalami perlambatan dalam tingkat pertumbuhan produktivitas tenaga kerja yang berpotensi meningkatkan ketimpangan ekonomi terhadap negara high income. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh produktivitas tenaga kerja terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi beserta faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas tenaga kerja di negara lower middle income dengan menggunakan data cross section 10 negara lower middle income dan time series tahun 2010 hingga 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan labor productivity, foreign direct investment, trade openess, dan human development index berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sementara produktivitas tenaga kerja dipengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan oleh pertumbuhan sektor industri, pertumbuhan sektor jasa, serta gross fixed capital formation.

One of the ways for a country to measure its ability on managing their human resources is through labor productivity. It is widely believed that an increase in labor productivity would lead to economic growth. In the last five years, the growth rate of labor productivity in lower middle income countries starts to decelerate. This could lead into an even bigger economic inequality between these countries and higher income countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of labor productivity on the economy of lower middle income countries and factors that affect labor productivity itself. Ten lower middle income countries were taken as cross section data and the time range was from 2010 to 2019. The result showed that the variables of labor productivity, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and human development index had significant and positive effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, gross fixed capital formation alongside growth of industrial and service sectors were factors that significantly increase labor productivity.