Strategi Konservasi Sumber Daya Air untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Air di DAS Ciujung
Date
2021Author
Kurniasari, Yulia Dwi
Arifin, Hadi Susilo
Purwanto, Yanuar Jarwadi
Metadata
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Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, laju pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengembangan wilayah berdampak pada kondisi sumber daya air. Keterbatasan prasarana tampungan air menyebabkan pentingnya distribusi sumber daya air secara berkelanjutan. Untuk mencapai keseimbangan antara ketersediaan dan kebutuhan air perlu mewujudkan ketahanan air melalui konservasi sumber daya air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi neraca air dan prasarana tampungan air serta menentukan strategi konservasi sumber daya air untuk mendukung ketahanan air di DAS Ciujung. Ketersediaan air dihitung menggunakan debit andalan 80% (Q80). Kebutuhan air dihitung dari kebutuhan rumah tangga, perkotaan, industri (RKI), irigasi, peternakan, perikanan dan pemeliharaan sungai. Neraca air dianalisis dari neraca surplus-defisit, Indeks Penggunaan Air (IPA) dan Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita berdasarkan metode SNI 6728.1.2015. Prasarana tampungan air dihitung melalui indikator tampungan bangunan konservasi air. Penentuan alternatif strategi menggunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP), sedangkan perumusan strategi prioritas konservasi sumber daya air menggunakan analisis Strenghts, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Implementasi strategi prioritas dianalisis secara kualitatif dan melalui simulasi model hidrologi Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air di DAS Ciujung sebesar 38,35 m3/detik sedangkan ketersediaan airnya sebesar 36,57 m3/detik. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya defisit air sebesar 1,78 m3/detik. Indeks Penggunaan Air sebesar 1,05 (kategori jelek). Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita sebesar 623,05 (indikasi kelangkaan air) dan indikator tampungan air sebesar 31,34% (kategori baik). Hasil analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa faktor penting dalam keberhasilan konservasi sumber daya air adalah tahap perencanaan (bobot 56%). Aktor yang paling berperan adalah pemerintah (bobot 48,9%). Tujuan utama yang akan dicapai adalah mewujudkan kelestarian sumber daya air (aspek ekologi) dengan bobot sebesar 63,8%. Alternatif strategi dengan bobot tertinggi adalah pelestarian dan perlindungan sumber air (41,4%). Strategi konservasi sumber daya air di DAS Ciujung adalah strategi bertahan/defensif. Implementasi strategi bertahan meliputi pemulihan daya dukung DAS, sinkronisasi kebijakan antar sektor, optimalisasi prasarana tampungan air, efisiensi penggunaan air, pemberdayaan masyarakat, peningkatan kemampuan pendanaan, pemanfaatan data dan sistem informasi serta peningkatan pengawasan, pengendalian dan penegakan hukum. Hasil simulasi model WEAP untuk skenario rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan pada lahan kritis menunjukkan adanya penurunan aliran permukaan dan penambahan aliran tanah. Skenario efisiensi penggunaan air terbaik melalui pengendalian laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi. The population growth, rapid rate of economic growth and regional development will have an impact on the condition of water resources. Limited water storage infrastructure is the importance cause of allocating water resources. To achieve a balance between water supply and demand, it is necessary to achieve water security through conservation of water resources. The objective of study are to determine the condition of the water balance, water storage infrastructure and the strategy o f water resource conservation in the Ciujung watershed. The analysis methods was used to calculate the amount of water supply and demand, the surplus-deficit balance, The water balance was analyzed from the surplus-deficit balance, the water consumtive index and the water availability index per capita based on the SNI 6728.1.2015. Water supply calculation based on the mainstay discharge of 80% (Q80). Water demands calculation from the demand of households, cities and industries, irrigation, livestock, fisheries and river maintenance. Capacity of existing water conservation storage used to predict the water storage infrastructure. Determining alternative strategies using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, to formulate priority strategies of water conservation using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The implementation of priority strategies was analyzed qualitatively and through simulation of Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) hydrological model. The results of analysis show that the water demands in Ciujung Watershed is 38.35 m3/second, while the water supply is 36.57 m3/second. This indicates there is a water deficit of 1.78 m3/second. According to calculation, Water Consumption Index is 1.05 (bad category), Water availability index per capita is 623.05 (water scarcity indicator). Indicator for water storage is 31.34% (good category). The water resources conservation strategy in the Ciujung Watershed is defensive strategies. The results of the AHP analysis show that an important factor in the success of water resource conservation is the planning stage (weight 56%). The most important actor is the government (weight 48.9%). The main objective to is to realize the sustainability of water resources (ecological aspect) with a weight of 63.8% and the alternative strategy with the highest weight is the preservation and protection of water resources (41.4%). The strategy for conserving water resources in the Ciujung Watershed is a defensive strategy. The implementation of the defense strategy includes restoring the carrying capacity of the watershed, synchronizing policies between sectors, optimizing water storage infrastructure, water use efficiency, community empowerment, increasing funding capacity, utilizing data and information systems as well as increasing supervision, control and law enforcement. The simulation results of the WEAP model for forest and land rehabilitation scenarios on critical land indicate a decrease in surface runoff and an increase in subsurface flow. The best scenario of water use efficiency is through controlling the rate of population growth and efficient use of irrigation water.