Daya Saing Gondorukem Indonesia di Pasar Internasional pada Periode 2004-2020

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara produsen terbesar ketiga setelah China dan Brazil yang menyumbangkan lebih dari 10% produksi gondorukem dunia pada tahun 2019. Indonesia juga menduduki urutan kedua setelah Brazil sebagai negara pengekspor komoditas gondorukem terbesar di dunia. Sejak tahun 2015 perkembangan ekspor gondorukem Indonesia menunjukkan tren yang menurun meskipun masih tetap merupakan negara utama di pasar gondorukem internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing komparatif dan kompetitif serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekspor gondorukem Indonesia pada periode 2004-2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan berturut-turut adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage, Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan, dan Constant Market Share. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas gondorukem Indonesia selama periode 2004-2020 memiliki daya saing komparatif yang kuat seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks RCA berkisar 5,5-19,4 dan juga daya saing kompetitif kuat seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai indeks ISP berkisar 0,78-0,97. Indonesia telah mencapai tahap kematangan di pasar internasional pada periode 2004-2020. Di samping faktor daya saing, faktor pertumbuhan standar dan faktor distribusi pasar berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekspor gondorukem Indonesia pada periode 2004-2020.

Indonesia was the third largest producer country after China and Brazil that contributed more than 10% of the world's gum rosin production in 2019. Indonesia was also ranked second after Brazil as the largest gum rosin commodity exporter in the world. Since 2015 Indonesian’s gum rosin exports had a declining trend even though Indonesia was still the main exporter country in the international gum rosin market. The purpose of this study were to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages as well as factors influencing the growth of Indonesia's gum rosin exports in the period 2004-2020. The analytical methods used were Revealed Comparative Advantage, Trade Specialization Index, and Constant Market Share, respectively. The results showed that the Indonesian gum rosin commodity during the period 2004-2020 had a strong comparative advantage as indicated by RCA index value ranging from 5,5-19,4 and also a strong competitive advantage as indicated by the ISP index value ranging from 0,78-0,97. Indonesian reached the maturity stage in the international market for the 2004-2020 period. In addition to competitiveness factor, market growth and market distribution factors had a positive influence on Indonesia's gum rosin export growth for the period 2004-2020.