Hubungan Status Gizi, Status Anemia, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Tingkat Kelelahan dan Kebugaran Santriwati Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor

Abstract

Anemia may occur in any group, especially in women of childbearing age, pregnant women, children and adolescents. Adolescents is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. During adolescents, the need for iron increases dramatically as a result of the expansion of the total blood volume, increased body fat mass, and the onset of menstruation in adolescent girls. Iron deficiency is associated with increased fatigue and decreased physical activity, especially in women. Monitoring of physical activity and fitness are important to maintain health. Fitness improves performance abilities so that they can perform activities optimally and get better results. In general, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, anemia status, and physical activity with the fatigue levels and physical fitness of adolescent girls in Al Falak Islamic Boarding School Bogor West Java. While, the specific objectives of this research are: (1) Identify of individual characteristics individual and family characteristics, (2) To assess the nutritional status of students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor, (3) To assess the physical activity of adolescent girls in Boarding school Al Falak Bogor, (4) To analyze the relationship of nutritional status with the fatigue level of the students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor, (5) To analyze the relationship of nutritional status with the fitness of students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor, (6) To analyze the relationship of physical activity with fitness students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor, (7) To analyze relationship status anemia with fatigue level students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor, (8) To analyze the relationship between anemia status with the fitness of students in Pondok Pesantren Al Falak Bogor. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Al Falak Islamic Boarding School Bogor, West Java on January to March 2021. As many as 43 adolescent girls were involved in this study. The inclusion criteria established for the present study were adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years-old, healthy, not suffering from chronic diseases, are already experiencing menstruation, do not perform a blood transfusion and blood donation in the last 1 month, and having given informed consent. While the exclusion criteria are adolescent girls who are not in the Boarding school during the study. The data collected were subject’s and family’s characteristic, physical activity, and fatigue level through self administered using a questionnaire, nutritional status and body fat percentage data through anthropometric measurement using weight scale, stature meter, and bioelectrical impedance analyzer, as well as fitness level data through Bleep test. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25.0. Spearman correlation was used to correlate the varibales. The results showed that the majority of the subjects were in the age range of 14 to 17 years. In general, most of the subject has been living in boarding schools for 12 to 24 months (41,9%). The results of the measurement of nutritional status based on BMI for age shows that more than half of the research subjects had normal nutritional status (69,8%), while 20,9% and 9,3% were included in the overweight and obesity categories. The average value of z-score BMI for age are 0,72±0,81. The body fat percentage of the subject using BIA were in the category of normal (72,1%), while 20,9% and 4,7% are high and very high. Hemoglobin levels of 58,1% subjects were classified as normal, while 23,3% and 16,3% of the subjects had mild and moderate anemia with an average value of 11,93±1,40 g/dL, while the levels of serum ferritin of 60,5% subjects were deficient. The average PAL values of physical activity of the subject is 1,46±0,07, where most of the subjects fell into light activities category that is equal to 95,3%. The results of the fatigue level analysis showed that most of the subjects were in the normal category. The fitness level of the subjects by 37,2% classified as fair. The average subject has a value of VO2max is 24,42±3,71 ml/kg/min. Correlation test results showed that the nutritional status (BMI-for-age and body fat percentage) with the fatigue levels was not correlated (p > 0,05). There was also not significantly associated between anemia status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin) with the fatigue levels (p > 0,05). Fitness levels were not correlated with nutritional status (BMI for age and body fat percentage), anemia status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin), and physical activity (p > 0,05).