Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Malai dan Hasil Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) pada Generasi F4

Abstract

Sorgum merupakan tanaman pangan penting kelima di dunia. Morfologis malai diduga mempengaruhi hasil sehingga dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dengan persilangan. Penelitian bertujuan menginfomasikan keragaman karakter malai dan hasil sorgum populasi F4 serta mengidentifikasi genotipe yang berpotensi hasil lebih baik dari tetua, dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan augmented- RKLT faktor tunggal berupa genotipe terdiri 40 genotipe uji hasil persilangan Kawali-Pahat dan 5 genotipe pembanding diulang 4 kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa karakter. Genotipe 4, 32, 56, 57, 66, 67, 120, 126, 129, 133 dan 140 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki keragaan karakter agronomi, komponen hasil dan morfologi malai yang unggul. Karakter tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, bobot biomassa basah dan bobot 1000 butir dapat dijadikan sebagai karakter seleksi karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi dan koefisien keragaman genetik yang sedang sampai luas.

Sorghum is the fifth most important food crop in the world. Morphology of panicle can be correlated to grain yield. Efforts have been made to increase productivity hybridization. The study aimed to obtain information on the genetic variabilty of panicle character and yield of sorghum in the F4 population and also identify genotypes that have better yield potential than parents. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm and plant breeding laboratory IPB from February to July 2021. The experimental design used is Augmented Design-RCBD one factor, this genotype consists 40 genotypes of sorghum F4 from crosses Kawali-Pahat and 5 comparison varieties in 4 replications. The results of variance analysis showed that genotype had a significant effect on several characters. Genotype number 4, 32, 56, 57, 66, 67, 120, 126, 129, 133 and 140 have the potential to be developed into varieties because of superior performance of agronomic characters, yield components, and the morphology of panicle characters. Characters of plant height, width leaf, stover weight and weight of 1000 seed can be used as selection characters because of high heritability value and moderate to broad genetic variability coefficient.