Estimasi Emisi Gas Buang Kapal Longline 51-100 GT di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman

Abstract

Peningkatan emisi gas buang kapal longline, menimbulkan dampak jangka panjang seperti peningkatan suhu bumi dan penurunan hasil tangkapan. Tindakan pengendalian perlu dilakukan dengan mengelola konsumsi BBM agar lebih efisien. Upaya tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan mengetahui informasi status emisi gas buang kapal longline saat ini. Namun, nilai tersebut belum diketahui sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengestimasi emisi gas buang kapal longline dengan menghitung konsumsi BBMnya serta FUI per produksi ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PPS Nizam Zachman sebagai homebase kapal longline. Kapal longline berukuran 51-100 GT mendominasi di pelabuhan tersebut. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa rata-rata konsumsi BBM kapal longline sebesar 179 ton per kapal, nilai tersebut telah melebihi kuota subsidi sebesar 21,5 ton per kapal. Emisi gas buang CO, NOx, SOx, dan PM berturut turut sebesar 1.321 kg, 1.946 kg, 3.393 kg, dan 54 kg. Konsumsi BBM yang tinggi menyebabkan emisi gas buang yang tinggi pula. Berdasarkan data tersebut diketahui nilai FUI kapal longline relatif tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan nilai FUI dunia, hal tersebut karena adanya ketidaksesuaian data statistik hasil tangkapan. Hal tersebut menyatakan bahwa konsumsi BBM operasi kapal longline tidak efisien.

The increase of exhaust emissions by longlines, has long-term impacts such as increasing global temperatures and decreasing catches. Hence, actions are necessary through managing fuel consumption. As a consequence, the value of exhaust emissions by longline vessels is needed. However, only little information was found, therefore this research was intended to estimate exhaust emissions of longline vessels by calculating their fuel consumption. The result was also presented in FUI per fish production. This research was conducted at Nizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port, focusing on longline vessels between 51-100 GT, which major in the port. Data were collected through literature study and interviews. Then data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis method. Results showed that the average fuel consumption is 179 tons per vessel, this value has exceeded the subsidy quota limited to 21.5 tons per vessel. The CO, NOx, SOx, and PM emissions were 1.321, 1.946, 3.393, and 54 in kg. This significant fuel consumption has caused high exhaust emissions as well. Furthermore, due to inaccuracy issues found in statistical reports, the FUI of longline is remarkably higher when compared to the world FUI for a similar group. Accordingly, this research concludes that the longline vessels operation was fuel inefficient.