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      Keragaan Karakter Sorgum Varietas Lokal, Varietas Nasional, dan Galur-Galur Hasil Pemuliaan

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Sofiah, Isti Inganatus
      Wirnas, Desta
      Rini, Erin Puspita
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      Abstract
      Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia dengan daya adaptasi yang luas dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Benih unggul yang masih sulit diperoleh dan terbatas menjadi salah satu masalah dalam pengembangan sorgum di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa jenis sorgum varietas lokal, varietas nasional, dan galur-galur hasil pemuliaan yang perlu dilakukan uji keragaan karakter agronomi, hasil, dan ketahanan penyakit untuk memperoleh varietas dan galur sorgum yang berpotensi dikembangkan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman dan dilepas sebagai varietas baru. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan tiga ulangan. Berdasarkan analisis ragam semua genotipe memiliki keragaman karakter agronomi dan hasil yang diamati, juga keragaman karakter pada keparahan penyakit kecuali karat daun saat 60 dan 70 hari setelah tanam (HST), serta busuk batang. Genotipe A-125-1-6-1-6 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan ternak. Genotipe C-375-17-1-5 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dengan tinggi tanaman sedang. Genotipe Pulut 5 berpotensi dijadikan tetua untuk menghasilkan sorgum berumur genjah. Genotipe dari galur hasil pemuliaan menunjukkan respon sangat tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa dan karat daun, kecuali Soraya 3. Varietas lokal memiliki respon ketahanan penyakit tahan dan agak tahan.
       
      Sorghum is categorized as a cereal crop with a wide range of adaptability and numerous advantages. Superior seeds are still difficult to obtain and limited supplay is one of the challenges in Indonesia sorghum development. There are several types of sorghum local varieties, national varieties, and breeding lines that need to be tested for the performance of agronomic characters, yield, and disease resistance in order to obtain sorghum varieties and lines with the potential to be developed in plant breeding programs and released as new varieties. The experiment was conducted from February-July 2021 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with one genotype treatment factor, in three replications. The result of the analysis of variance, showed that all genotypes had variability in agronomic characters and yield, as well as variability in disease severity, with the exception of leaf rust at 60 and 70 days after planting (DAP), and stem rot. Genotype A-125-1-6-1-6 has the potential to be developed as food and animal feed ingredient. Genotype C-375-17-1-5 has the potential to be developed as food plant with a medium plant height. The pulut 5 genotype has the potential to be used as parents in the production of early-aged sorghum. The breeding lines showed a very resistant response to anthracnose and leaf rust, except for the Soraya 3. Disease resistance reponses in local varieties are resistant and moderately resistant.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109463
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7625]

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