Pengaruh Cendawan Endofit terhadap Pertumbuhan Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W Grimes)

Abstract

Cendawan endofit dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Cendawan endofit memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda-beda dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pemberian perlakuan cendawan endofit terhadap pertumbuhan sengon. Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu Ochroconis sp., Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., Arthrinium malaysianum, dan Aspergillus sp. Inokulasi cendawan endofit dilakukan pada saat sengon berumur 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian pemberian cendawan endofit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter diameter, berat basah total, dan kadar air tanaman; tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi dan berat kering total. Cendawan endofit Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., dan A. malaysianum dapat meningkatkan tinggi sengon; Aspergillus sp. dapat meningkatkan berat kering total dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan Ochroconis sp. tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan sengon. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar (NPA) berada pada kisaran 1,13-1,43, nilai indeks mutu bibit (IMB) berada pada kisaran 0,65-1,03 yang menunjukkan bibit memiliki pertumbuhan pucuk dan akar yang seimbang serta distribusi biomassa yang baik.

Endophytic fungi were reported to be able to increase plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytic fungi have various abilities to support plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of endophytic fungi administration on the growth of sengon. The endophytic fungi that were used are Ochroconis sp., Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., Arthrinium malaysianum, and Aspergillus sp. The inoculation process was carried out when sengon was three weeks old. This study shows that inoculation of endophytic fungi did not significantly affect the parameters of diameter, total wet weight, and water content; however, it gave significant effect on the parameters of height and total dry weight. The Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., and A. malaysianum endophytic fungi increased the height of sengon; Aspergillus sp. can improve the total dry weight compared to the control. While the treatment of Ochroconis sp. was not significantly different from the control in improving the growth of sengon. The shoot root ratio value was 1.13-1.43, and the Dickson quality index value was 0,65- 1,03 indicating that the seedlings have balanced shoot and root growth and good biomass distribution.