Sifat Fisis, Sifat Mekanis dan Keawetan Kayu Cepat Tumbuh Hasil Impregnasi Nano Silika Batang Bambu Betung

Abstract

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen.) dan Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) merupakan jenis pohon cepat tumbuh yang memiliki kualitas kayu yang rendah dalam hal kekuatan, keawetan, kerapatan, stabilitas dimensi serta memiliki porsi kayu juvenile yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian, menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan impregnasi MEG (Monoethylene Glycol) dan nano silika batang bambu terhadap sifat fisis, sifat mekanis dan keawetan kayu cepat tumbuh. Larutan impregnan yang digunakan terdiri dari kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), MEG, MEGSilika 0,5%, MEGSilika 0,75% dan MEGSilika 1%. Proses impregnasi dimulai dengan pemberian vakum 0,5 bar selama 60 menit dan dilanjutkan dengan pemberian tekanan 2,5 bar selama 120 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan impregnasi MEG dan nano silika mampu meningkatkan kerapatan, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), kekerasan, perubahan warna (ΔΕ), dan mortalitas rayap kayu kering kayu cepat tumbuh. Perlakuan MEG dan nano silika juga mampu menurunkan persentase kehilangan berat pada pengujian rayap kayu kering dan uji kubur kayu sengon serta kayu jabon. Hasil pengujian berbanding lurus dengan nilai weight percent gain (WPG). Perlakuan MEGSilika 1% menunjukan nilai yang paling optimum untuk kayu sengon dan kayu jabon.

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen.) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) are fast growing tree species that have low wood qualities in terms of strength, durability, specific gravity, dimensional stability and high portion of juvenile wood. The purpose of this study was to analyze MEG (Monoethylene Glycol) and nano silica of bamboo betung sticks impregnation treatments on physical and mechanical properties and durability of fast-growing wood. The solutions were consisted of control (water treated), MEG, MEGSilica 0.5%, MEGSilica 0.75% and MEGSilica 1%. The impregnation process was initiated by applying a vacuum of 0.5 bar for 60 minutes and continued by 2,5 bar pressure for 120 minutes. The results showed that MEG and nano silica impregnation increased the specific gravity, Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, hardness, color change (ΔΕ), and drywood termite mortality of treated fast growing wood. MEG and nano silica treatments also reduced weight loss percentage in the dry wood termite test and graveyard test of treated sengon and jabon wood. The test results are directly proportional to the weight percent gain (WPG) value. MEGSilica 1% treatment was the most optimal treatment for sengon wood and jabon wood.