Daya Saing, Dinamika, dan Determinan Ekspor Kacang Mete Kupas Indonesia Ke Negara Tujuan Utama

Abstract

Komoditas pertanian memiliki peran strategis dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Kacang mete termasuk salah satu komoditas pertanian yang paling banyak diperdagangkan. Potensi ekspor kacang mete kupas akan memberikan harga yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mete gelondong dan banyak potensi nilai tambah lainnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis daya saing, dinamika dan determinan ekspor kacang mete kupas Indonesia ke 8 negara tujuan utama dalam periode 2010-2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah RCA, EPD, X-Model dan regresi data panel. Analisis RCA menunjukkan ekspor kacang mete kupas Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama memiliki keunggulan komparatif kecuali Belanda. Analisis EPD menunjukkan posisi pasar rising star dan falling star. Analisis X-Model menunjukkan potensi pengembangan pasar ekspor kacang mete kupas Indonesia optimis di Kanada, serta potensial di 7 negara tujuan lainnya. Analisis gravity model menunjukkan bahwa GDP perkapita negara tujuan, GDP perkapita Indonesia dan daya saing ekspor berpengaruh positif, sedangkan harga ekspor dan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh negatif . Tetapi variabel jarak geografis dan dummy FTA tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai ekspor kacang mete kupas Indonesia.

Agricultural commodities have a strategic role in improving the Indonesian economy. Cashew nuts are one of the most traded agricultural commodities.The export potential of shelled cashews will provide a higher price compared to cashew nuts and many other potential added values. This study analyzes the competitiveness, dynamics and determinants of Indonesian shelled cashew exports to 8 main destination countries in the 2010-2019 period. The research method used is RCA, EPD, X-Model and panel data regression. RCA analysis shows that Indonesia's shelled cashew nut exports to the main destination countries have a comparative advantage except the Netherlands. The EPD analysis shows rising star and falling star market positions. The X-Model analysis shows that the potential development of the Indonesian shelled cashew nut export market is optimistic in Canada, as well as the potential in 7 other destination countries. The gravity model analysis shows that the GDP per capita of the destination country, Indonesia's GDP per capita and export competitiveness have a positive effect, while export prices and the real exchange rate have a negative effect. However, the geographical distance and the dummy FTA have no effect on the export value of Indonesian shelled cashew nuts.