Telaah Pustaka Polimer Tercetak Molekul dan Aplikasinya untuk Deteksi Molekul Hayati dengan Sensor Elektrokimia

Abstract

Polimer tercetak molekul (MIP) banyak dikembangkan untuk deteksi molekul hayati dengan sensor elektrokimia. Ulasan ini menginformasikan klasifikasi, sintesis, karakterisasi, dan aplikasi MIP untuk deteksi molekul hayati dengan sensor elektrokimia. Pustaka ditelusur menggunakan mesin pencarian dalam pangkalan data ilmiah. Klasifikasi MIP terdiri atas nonmagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (NMIP) dan magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP). MIP disintesis melalui teknik elektropolimerisasi, sol-gel, dan epitop. Karakterisasi MIP dengan mikroskop payaran elektron menunjukkan morfologi permukaan yang kasar. Dengan voltammetri siklik, MIP dari polimer nonkonduktif dapat menurunkan respons arus, sebaliknya dari polimer konduktif dapat meningkatkan respons arus. Aplikasi MIP untuk deteksi molekul hayati antara lain pada deteksi asam urat, tiroksin, glikoprotein, triptofan, insulin, troponin T kardiak, glukosa, interleukin-8, glutation, dan kreatinin.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are extensively developed for the detection of biological molecules using electrochemical sensors. This review provides information on the classification, synthesis, characterization, and application of MIP to detect biological molecules by electrochemical sensors. The literature review was carried out using a search engine in scientific database. MIP classification consists of nonmagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (NMIP) and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP). MIP was synthesized through electropolymerization, sol-gel, and epitope techniques. The characterization of MIP on the electrode surface by scanning electron microscope showed a rough surface morphology. By cyclic voltammetry, the MIP showed that the non-conductive polymer could decrease the current response. In contrast, the MIP of the conductive polymer can increase the current response. MIP applications for detecting biological molecules have been reported, among others, in the detection of uric acid, thyroxine, glycoprotein, tryptophan, insulin, cardiac troponin T, glucose, interleukin-8, glutathione, and creatinine.