Perubahan Morfologis Kulit Tikus Tua Pasca Xenotranplantasi Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Abstract
Penuaan seringkali menyebabkan keadaan patologis pada tubuh. Hal itu
terjadi karena adanya kerusakan yang terakumulasi pada tingkat seluler maupun
makromolekuler. Kulit merupakan salah satu organ yang juga mengalami
penurunan kualitas pada kondisi tua. Terapi sel menjadi upaya dalam
memperbaiki kualitas organ tersebut. Mesenchymal Stem Cells yang berasal dari
Wharton’s Jelly (hWJ-MSCs) diharapkan mampu mengembalikan kerja sel-sel
yang berperan dalam regenerasi kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek
terapi tersebut yang meliputi perubahan fisiologis morfologi kulit tikus tua,
perkembangan kulit tikus tua pascapemberian hWj-MSCs intravena,
perkembangan sel fibroblas, serta populasi sel mast pada kulit.
Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 tikus jantan yang masing-masing terdiri dari
3 tikus muda tanpa perlakuan, 3 tikus kontrol tua fisiologis (diinjeksi NaCl 0.9%
volume 0.4 ml), 3 tikus tua perlakuan 1 (diinjeksi hWJ-MSCs dosis 1x106 sel/kg
BB volume 0.4 ml), dan 3 tikus tua perlakuan 2 (diinjeksi hWJ-MSCs dosis
10x106 sel/kg BB volume 0.4 ml). Penyuntikan dilakukan 4 kali dengan interval 3
bulan dalam satu tahun. Pada akhir penelitian, tikus dianestesi, dikorbankan,
kemudian diproses secara histologis. Histomorfologi jaringan kulit dianalisis
menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin sedangkan kepadatan serabut
kolagen dengan pewarnaan Cason’s Trichrome. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia
digunakan untuk menganalisis perkembangan sel fibroblas dan populasi sel mast
dianalisis menggunakan pewarnaan Toluidine Blue.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbaikan pada morfologi kulit tikus tua yang
diinjeksikan hWJ-MSCs. Kepadatan serabut kolagen pada tikus tua dengan
perlakuan dosis 10x106 sel/kg BB mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan
(P<0.05). Hasil pewarnaan imunohistokimia tidak menunjukkan adanya
proliferasi sel fibroblas. Sementara itu, populasi sel mast tikus tua dengan
perlakuan cenderung mengalami peningkatan meskipun tidak signifikan (P<0.05).
Pemberian hWJ-MSCs secara intravena dapat memperbaiki densitas serabut
kolagen pada kulit tikus tua namun tidak terjadi melalui perbanyakan sel
fibroblas. MSCs xenogenik yang diinjeksikan secara intravena dapat menuju
jaringan kulit tikus tua tanpa direjeksi oleh sistem pertahanan tubuh resipien. Aging often causes pathological conditions in the body. This matter occurs
due to damage accumulated at the cellular to macromolecular level. In the aged
condition, the quality of body organs will decrease, including the skins. Cell
therapy is an effort to improve quality of the skin. Human Mesenchymal Stem
Cells derived from Wharton's Jelly (hWJ-MSCs) are expected to be able to refunction cells in skin regeneration. This study was aimed to analyze the
therapeutic effects which includes physiological changes in the skin morphology
of aged rats, their development after intravenous hWj-MSCs administration,
fibroblast cell development, and mast cell population on the skin.
This study used 12 male rats which consists of 3 untreated young rats, 3
physiological aged rats as a control (injected with 0.9% volume of 0.4 ml NaCl), 3
aged rats for first treatment (injected with hWJ-MSCs at a dose of 1x106 cells/kg
BW volume 0.4 ml), and 3 aged rats for second treatment (injected with hWJMSCs dose of 10x106 cells/kg BW 0.4 ml volume). Injections are carried out 4
times at intervals of 3 months in a year. Histomorphology of skin tissue was
analyzed using Hematoxylin Eosin staining, while the density of collagen fibers
was stained with Cason's Trichrome. Immunohistochemical staining was used to
analyze the development of fibroblasts and mast cell populations were analyzed
using Toluidine Blue stain.
The results showed the skin morphology of old rats was improved after
hWJ-MSCs injection. Collagen fiber density in aged rats treated with a dose of
10x106 cells/kg BW increased significantly (p<0.05). On the other hand, the
immunohistochemical staining did not show the presence of fibroblast cell
proliferation. Meanwhile, the mast cell population of treated rats tended to
increase, although it was not significant (p>0.05). Intravenous administration of
hWJ-MSCs can improve the density of collagen fibers in the skin of aged rats, but
did not occur through fibroblast cell multiplication. Xenogenic MSCs also reach
the skin tissue of aged rat without being rejected by the recipient's immune
system.
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- MT - Veterinary Science [899]