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      Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Pembentukan Buah pada Tanaman Jeruk Poliploid Hasil Hibridisasi Somatik dan Kultur Endosperma

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Theresia, Sisilia
      Purwito, Agus
      Kosmiatin, Mia
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      Abstract
      Target pemuliaan tanaman jeruk adalah mendapatkan buah jeruk seedless yang lebih disukai oleh konsumen. Pembentukan buah jeruk seedless dapat terjadi akibat adanya sifat partenokarpi alami dan perpasangan tiga set kromosom yang tidak seimbang pada buah triploid. Karakterisasi morfologi perlu dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter-karakter unggul yang tampak, terutama karakter yang berkaitan dengan pembungaan dan pembentukan buah untuk memastikan apakah galur jeruk poliploid khususnya triploid dapat menghasilkan buah seedless. Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari karakterisasi morfologi habitus, daun, bunga, buah, dan biji, serta induksi pembentukan buah dan biji pada galur jeruk poliploid hasil hibridisasi somatik dan kultur endosperma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua karakter morfologi galur hasil hibridisasi somatik dan kultur endosperma mewarisi tetua jeruk siam madu, kecuali beberapa karakter morfologi bunga yang mewarisi kedua tetuanya, yaitu jeruk siam madu dan mandarin satsuma. Perlakuan penyerbukan sendiri secara nyata dapat meningkatkan persentase pembentukan buah seedless pada galur jeruk poliploid, baik pada galur hasil hibridisasi somatik maupun hasil dari kultur endosperma. Galur FS25 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu galur jeruk seedless karena memberikan hasil persentase pembentukan buah seedless tertinggi dibanding galur lainnya. Galur MT12 menunjukkan adanya perkembangan biji triploid yang terbentuk secara spontan.
       
      The target of citrus breeding is to obtain seedless citrus fruit that are preferred by consumers. The formation of seedless citrus fruits can occur due to the natural parthenocarpy and the unbalanced pairing of three chromosome sets in triploid fruits. Morphological characterization needs to be done to identify the superior characters, especially those related to flowering and fruit formation to determine whether polyploid citrus lines, especially triploids can produce seedless fruit. The research consisted of characterization the morphology of the habitus, leaves, flowers, fruit and seeds, as well as the formation of fruit and seeds in the polyploid citrus line resulting from somatic hybridization and endosperm culture. The results showed that almost all morphological characters of the lines resulting from somatic hybridization and endosperm culture were inherited from the parents of siam madu, except for several morphological characters of flowers inherited from the parents of siam madu and satsuma mandarin. The self-pollination treatment significantly increased the percentage of seedless fruit formation in the triploid citrus line. The FS25 line can be developed into one of the seedless citrus lines because the percentage of seedless fruit formation higher than other lines. The MT12 line showed triploid seed development which spontaneously formed.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/108096
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7622]

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