Permodelan Evapotranspirasi Pertanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Model Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT) (Studi Kasus: PTPN VI Batanghari)

Abstract

Ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia meningkat pesat, salah satunya di Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi-Indonesia, PT Perkebunanan Nusantara VI Batanghari. Wilayah di sekitar pertanaman kelapa sawit mengalami permasalahan air terutama pada musim kemarau. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perubahan fungsi lahan dari ekosistem alamiah menjadi pertanaman kelapa sawit. Di samping itu, ketersediaan sumberdaya air dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat baik untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga maupun ekonomi. Oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui perpindahan air dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya untuk memudahkan pengelolaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis fluks uap air meliputi evapotranspirasi, serta mendapatkan nilai aliran, dan penyimpanan air di pertanaman kelapa sawiit. Penelitian fluks uap air ini menggunakan SWAT (Soil and Water Assesment Tool) dalam permodelannya serta divalidasi dengan teknik EC (Eddy Covariance). Hasil dari permodelan tersebut berupa grafik debit aliran, dan evapotranspirasi (ET).

The expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is increasing rapidly, included in Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province Indonesia. PT Perkebunan Nusantara VI Batanghari as the study area is entirely oil palm plantation. Areas around oil palm plantations experience water problems, especially during the dry season. It is due to landuse changes from natural ecosystems to oil palm plantations. In addition, the availability of water resources is utilized by the community for both household and economic needs. Evapotranspiration plays an important role in determining plant water requirements, climate patterns, and water management. This study aims to analyze water vapor fluxes including evapotranspiration, as well as to obtain discharge flow and water storage in oil palm plantations. The software used to assist the modeling is SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) in the modeling and validated by the EC (Eddy Covariance) technique. The results of the modeling are in the form of discharge graphs, and evapotranspiration (ET).