Variasi Keawetan Alami Kayu Surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) dalam Sebatang Pohon
Abstract
Surian (Toona sinensis) merupakan salah satu pohon cepat tumbuh yang banyak
ditemukan di Indonesia. Kayunya sudah dijadikan komponen perahu, rumah dan
meubel meski baru diperdagangkan secara lokal. Variasi keawetan alami kayu
surian masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari variasi
vertikal dan variasi radial keawetan alami kayu surian dalam satu batang pohon
untuk menentukan tindakan pengawetan yang harus diambil dalam rangka
pemanfaatan kayu secara maksimal. Contoh uji berupa kayu surian yang mewakili
bagian pangkal-tengah-ujung (variasi vertikal atau faktor ketinggian) dan gubal peralihan-teras (cariasi radial atau faktor kedalaman) dalam batang. Sebagai
pembanding digunakan kayu pinus. Keawetan alami dievaluasi berdasarkan
kehilangan berat dan kerusakan contoh uji setelah dikubur 3 bulan. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan keawetan alami kayu bervariasi menurut ketinggian dan kedalaman
batang. Keawetan alami cenderung berkurang dari pangkal ke ujung batang mau
pun dari teras ke gubal. Kehilangan berat dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketinggian dan
kedalaman, sedangkan kerusakan contoh uji dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketinggian,
kedalaman dan interaksi keduanya. Keawetan alami kayu surian secara keseluruhan
lebih baik dibandingkan kayu pinus. Surian (Toona sinensis) is one of the fast-growing tree species found in Indonesia.
The wood is already used locally as a component for boats, houses and furniture.
Since variations in natural durability of this wood are still limited, it is necesary to
conduct a study on this aspect. This study aims to investigate variations in natural
durability of surian wood, especially from a single tree, both vertical and radial
directions in order to determine proper preservative treatment. The test sample was
surian wood which represents the bottom-middle-tip as well as the heartwood transition-sapwood. As a comparison, pine wood was utilized. Natural durability of
wood was evaluated based on weight loss and damage percentage in cross-section
of wood samples after being buried for 3 months. Results showed that natural
durability of this wood varies in vertical and radial directions. It tends to decrease
from the bottom to the tip of the trunk and from pith (heartwood) to the bark
(sapwood). The weight loss percentage was influenced by the height and depth
factors, while the damage was influenced by the height, depth and the interaction
of these two factors. Overall, natural durability of surian wood is better than that of
pine wood.
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- UT - Forest Products [2184]