Variasi Komponen Kimia Kayu Surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) dalam Sebatang Pohon

Abstract

Surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yang pemanfaatannya kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari variasi vertikal (pangkal dan ujung) dan radial (gubal-peralihan-teras) komponen kimia kayu surian dalam sebatang pohon. Komponen kimia dianalisis mengikuti standar TAPPI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komponen kimia kayu surian bervariasi dalam sebatang pohon. Kadar lignin serta kadar ekstraktif larut air panas dan larut etanol-benzena dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketinggian dan faktor kedalaman dalam batang, namun tidak oleh interaksi keduanya; sedangkan kadar holoselulosa, α-selulosa, hemiselulosa dan kadar abu dipengaruhi oleh faktor ketinggian, kedalaman dan interaksi kedua faktor. Secara umum pangkal batang memiliki lebih banyak α-selulosa, zat ekstraktif dan abu dibanding bagian ujung; kayu teras lebih banyak mengandung lignin, ekstraktif dan abu; kayu peralihan lebih banyak hemiselulosa; sedangkan kayu gubal lebih banyak α-selulosa. Jumlah relatif komponen kimia kayu surian adalah 69,47‒75,89% (holoselulosa), 44,69‒59,25% (α-selulosa), 14,91‒28,29% (hemiselulosa), 24,29‒36,46% (lignin), 8,66‒13,30% (larut air panas), 3,58‒4,70% (larut etanol benzena) dan 0,64‒1,44% (abu).

Surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) is a member of lesser-used wood species. This study aimed to investigate vertical (base and tip) and radial (heartwood-transition-sapwood) variations in chemical components of this wood from a single tree trunk. Chemical component analysis was determined following TAPPI standards. Results showed that chemical components were influenced by sample location inside tree trunk. Lignin content, extractive content in hot water and in ethanol-benzene varied vertically and radially, but were not influenced by the interaction of the two factors. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose and ash content varied vertically and radially and were influenced by the interaction. In general, the base of the trunk has the highest cellulose, extractive (in hot water and ethanol-benzene) and ash content compared to the tip. Heartwood has more lignin, extractives and ash; transition wood has more hemicellulose; while sapwood has more α-cellulose. The relative amounts of each chemical component of surian wood are 69.47‒75.89% (holocellulose), 44.69‒59.25% (α-cellulose), 14.91‒28.29% (hemicellulose), 24.29‒36.46% (lignin), 8.66‒13.30% (hot water soluble extractive), 3.58‒4.70% (ethanol benzene soluble extractive) and 0.64‒1.44% (ash).