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      Perubahan Faktor Penentu Evapotranspirasi Tanaman Kelapa Sawit dengan Variasi Panjang Periode Kering dan Intensitas Hujan

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Maryamah, Siti
      June, Tania
      Koesmaryono, Yonny
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      Abstract
      Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan faktor penentu evapotranspirasi kelapa sawit berupa radiasi netto, kelembapan tanah, kecepatan angin dan defisit tekanan uap karena adanya variasi intensitas curah hujan dan periodeo kering. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan dua tahap yakni, pendugaan evapotranspirasi, dan analisis regresi. Pendugaan evapotranspirasi dilakukan dengan metode aerodinamik, sedangkan untuk analisis regresi dilakuka dengan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas curah hujan memiliki pengaruh negarif terhadap evapotranspirasi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai evapotranspirasi yang maksimal ketika hari tidak hujan, dan menurun ketika hari hujan meningkat, serta nilai evapotranspirasi bulan kering yang menujukkan nilai lebih besar daripada bulan basah. Waktu puncak evapotranspirasi yang terjadi pada bulan kering memiliki gap selama satu jam dengan puncak evapotranspirasi yang terjadi pada bulan basah. Secara keseluruhan perubahan pada intensitas curah hujan dan periode kering mempengaruhi perubahan pada faktor penentu evapotranspirasi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pengaruh radiasi netto terhadap evapotranspirasi yang menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya durasi periode kering, kecepatan angin yang hanya berpengaruh pada periode kering kurang dari seminggu, serta kecilnya pengaruh dari kelembapan tanah terhadap evapotranspirasi ketika terjadi curah hujan dengan intensiats tinggi. Faktor penentu evapotranspirasi yang tidak mengalami perubahan segnifikan adalah defisit tekanan uap. Faktor cuaca ini memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap evapotranspirasi pada tiap keadaan, dengan nilai R2 diatas 0.9.
       
      This research was conduct to study changes in the determain of oil palm evapotranspiration that are net radiation, soil moisture, wind speed and vapor pressure deficit due to variations in rainfall intensity and dry period. This analysis was carried out in two stages, estimation of evapotranspiration, and regression analysis. Estimation of evapotranspiration was carried out by aerodynamic methods, while regression analysis was performed by simple linear regression. The results showed that the intensity of rainfall had a negative effect on evapotranspiration. This can be seen from the maximum evapotranspiration value that occurs when it’s no rain and decreases when it rains, and the dry season evapotranspiration value which shows a greater value than the wet season. The peak time of evapotranspiration that occurs in the dry season has a gap of one hour with the peak of evapotranspiration that occurs in the wet season. Overall, changes in rainfall intensity and dry period affect the changes in determain of oil evapotranspiration. This can be seen from the effect of net radiation on evapotranspiration which decreases with increasing dry period duration, wind speed which only affects dry periods of less than a week, and the small effect of soil moisture on evapotranspiration when rainfall occurs with high intensity. The determinant of evapotranspiration that did not change significantly was the vapor pressure deficit. This meteorogical factor has the greatest influence on evapotranspiration in each situation, with an R2 value above 0.9.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107370
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1720]

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