Tata Niaga dan Pendugaan Volume Perdagangan Ilegal Kura-Kura Moncong Babi (Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886)

Abstract

Praktik perdagangan ilegal satwa liar menyebabkan kerugian secara ekologi dan ekonomi bagi negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, dan menduga volume serta nilai perdagangan kura-kura moncong babi. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan pihak KLHK, BKSDA, dan bea cukai. Data transaksi perdagangan pada tahun 2016-2020 diperoleh dari putusan pengadilan negeri dan penelitian terdahulu yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat alur tata niaga yaitu harvester directly to consumer, market space restricted, gatekeeper, dan redundant channels. Peran pelaku perdagangan sebanyak 20 orang yang terdiri dari satu pemburu, 18 perantara, dan satu konsumen. Pendugaan volume perdagangan ilegal kura-kura moncong babi pada tahun 2016-2020 sebanyak 19.064 ekor dari 16 transaksi perdagangan. Total nilai perdagangan kura-kura moncong babi pada tahun 2016-2020 sebesar Rp492.530.000,00 – Rp493.780.000,00.

The practice of illegal wildlife trade causes ecological and economic losses for the country. This study aims to identify the flow of the trade system, the characteristics of the actors, estimate the volume and value of trade in pig-nosed turtles. The method of collecting data is through interviews with the KLHK, BKSDA, and custom duty. Trade transaction data in 2016-2020 were obtained from district court decisions and previous research which were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study show that there are four channels of illegal trade, harvester directly to consumer, market space restricted, gatekeeper, and redundant channels. The role of the trader is 20 people consisting of one harvester, 18 intermediaries, and one consumer. The estimated volume of illegal trade in pig-nosed turtles in 2016-2020 was 19,064 from 16 trade transactions. The total trade value of pig-nosed turtles in 2016-2020 is Rp.492,530,000.00 – Rp.493,780,000.00.