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      Geographic and Environmental Variation in Activity Budget and Dietary Habits of Orangutans in Sumatra.

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Puspitasari, Widia
      Widayati, Kanthi Arum
      Tsuji, Yamato
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      Abstract
      Food availability is a major determinant of primate activity, home range use, group size, and population parameters. Food environments of captive animals, for example, would much better than the wild populations. There is a regional variation in the wild's food environments, mainly due to physical conditions and forest structure. This study analyzed the impact of differences in geographic and environmental variables and forest types on the behavioral and social aspects of orangutans in Sumatra. This study also compared the orangutans' activity between captive and wild conditions. Altitude, mean temperature, and annual rainfall of six wild orangutans in Sumatra study sites ranged 0 - 2067 m, 18 - 31 oC, and 1125 - 3967 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in activity budgets, dietary habits, home ranges, daily travel distances, and group composition of the orangutans among forest types. None of the geographical and environmental variables were correlated with the behavioral and social aspects. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in orangutan activities between wild and captive, except feeding activity. Besides the small number of study sites, the lack of variation in behavioral and social aspects implied the orangutans' conservative nature.
       
      Ketersediaan makanan merupakan penentu utama dari aktivitas primata, penggunaan wilayah jelajah, ukuran kelompok, dan parameter populasi. Lingkungan makanan hewan penangkaran, misalnya, jauh lebih baik daripada populasi liar. Bahkan pada populasi liar, terdapat variasi regional dalam lingkungan makanan, terutama karena kondisi fisik dan struktur hutan. Studi ini menganalisis dampak perbedaan variabel geografis dan lingkungan, dan tipe hutan terhadap aspek perilaku dan sosial orangutan. Studi ini juga membandingkan aktivitas orangutan antara kondisi penangkaran dan liar. Ketinggian, suhu rata-rata, dan curah hujan tahunan dari enam lokasi penelitian orangutan liar di Sumatera berkisar 0 - 2067 m, 18 - 31 oC, dan 1125 - 3967 mm. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada anggaran kegiatan, pola makan, wilayah jelajah, jarak perjalanan harian dan komposisi kelompok orangutan di antara tipe hutan, dan tidak ada variabel geografis dan lingkungan yang berkorelasi dengan aspek perilaku dan sosial. Selain itu, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas orangutan liar dan penangkaran, kecuali aktivitas makan. Selain sedikitnya lokasi penelitian, minimnya variasi aspek perilaku dan sosial menunjukkan sifat konservatif orangutan.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106974
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      • UT - Biology [2401]

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