Serangan Burung Bondol (Lonchura spp.) pada Tanaman Padi dan Pengendaliannya di Tigo Nagari, Pasaman, Sumatra barat.

Abstract

Budidaya tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) tidak lepas dari gangguan organisme pengganggu tanaman, salah satunya diakibatkan oleh serangan burung bondol (Lonchura spp.) yang memakan bulir padi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bondol, tingkat populasi dan intensitas serangan yang ditimbulkannya serta persepsi petani terhadap hama burung bondol dan teknik pengendalian yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Tigo Nagari, Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatra Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan lapang dan wawancara responden. Hasil pengamatan ditemukan tiga jenis burung bondol yaitu bondol haji (Lonchura maja), bondol peking (Lonchura punctulata) dan bondol jawa (Lonchura leucogastroides), bondol haji dan bondol peking lebih mendominasi. Rata-rata intensitas serangan 15,39% dan kerugian yang diakibatkan dapat mencapai satu juta rupiah per hektar. Kehadiran bondol dipengaruhi kerapatan vegetasi di sekitar lahan, semakin besar jumlah burung semakin besar intensitas serangan. Pengendalian yang dilakukan petani yaitu menggunakan jaring pelindung padi dan mengikatkan plastik pada tali agar saat ditarik dapat menimbulkan gerakan serta berteriak untuk menghalau burung.

The cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) could not be separated from the disturbance caused by plant pests, one of which is caused by the attack of birds (Lonchura spp.) which eat grains. This research aims to see the type of munia bird, the level of population, the intensity of the attacks, the farmers’ perceptions of bird pests and the control techniques used in Tigo Nagari, Pasaman District, West Sumatra. The research method was carried out by field observations and inreviewing respondents. The results showed that there were three species of munia birds, namely white-headed munia (Lonchura maja), scally-breast munia (Lonchura puntuculata), and javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides), white-headed munia and scally-breast munia was dominant. The average of attack intensity was 15,39% and the resulting losses could reach one million rupiah per hectare. The presence of bird was influenced by the density of vegetation around the land, the higher number of bird presence the higher intensity of attack. Control technique carried out by farmers is using a net to cover crop and tying plastic to the rope so that it can be pulled and cause movement, moreover farmers’ screaming to keep birds away.