Analisis Non-Tariff Measures dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan
Date
2021Author
Salafin, Syarifatus
Hakim, Dedi Budiman
Nugraheni, Sri Retno Wahyu
Metadata
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Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan subsektor perkebunan
di Indonesia namun pertumbuhan ekspor kopi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang
menurun. Negara-negara tujuan ekspor aktif memberlakukan tindakan Non Tarif
Measures (NTMs) berupa kebijakan Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) dan
Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) yang disinyalir menjadi hambatan perdagangan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja ekspor kopi Indonesia dan
pemberlakuan NTMs serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kopi Indonesia
ke negara tujuan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendekatan inventory dan
model gravity dengan series tahun 2010-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa kinerja perdagangan kopi Indonesia berfluktuatif dan tidak menunjukkan
peningkatan pertumbuhan ekspor yang signifikan. Pemberlakuan tindakan NTMs
terbanyak adalah SPS. Hasil estimasi gravity panel menunjukkan bahwa GDP
negara pengekspor, nilai tukar, jarak ekonomi, dan coverage ratio SPS berpengaruh
negatif dan signifikan. Sedangkan GDP negara pengimpor, populasi negara
pengekspor, populasi negara pengimpor, dan coverage ratio TBT berpengaruh
positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor kopi Indonesia. Coffee is one of the leading export commodities of the plantation sub-sector
in Indonesia, however coffee export growth shows a downward trend. Export
destination countries actively impose Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) in the form of
Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) policies
which are alleged to be trade barriers. This study aims to analyze the performance
of Indonesian coffee exports and the application of NTMs and the factors that
influence Indonesian coffee exports to destination countries. The method used is an
analysis of the inventory approach and gravity model with the 2010-2019 series.
The results showed that the performance of the Indonesian coffee trade fluctuated
and did not show a significant increase in export growth. The most NTMs were
enforced by SPS. The estimation results of the gravity panel show that the GDP of
the exporting country, the exchange rate, economic distance, and the SPS coverage
ratio have a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, the GDP of the importing
country, the population of the exporting country, the population of the importing
country, and the TBT coverage ratio have a positive and significant effect on
Indonesia's coffee exports