Stabilitas Dimensi Kayu Surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) Asal Sumatera Barat

Abstract

One of the important factors that must be understood in order to use wood properly is its dimensional stability. The objective of this study was to examine radial variation in dimensional stability of surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) wood from West Sumatra. Dimensional stability indicators used are the T/R-ratio and level of dimensional change (LDC) from wet to air-dried condition which are measured by using standard methods. The results showed that dimensional stability of surian wood was very good with an average T/R-ratio 1,29 and a LDC of 0,27 (0,19‒0,34) cm for every 1% reduction in wood moisture. T/R-ratio as well as a total of LDCare not influenced by sample location in the stem, while LDC for each direction is significantly influenced. In general, heartwood are more stable than sapwood and transition. Results also showed that average wood density of this surian wood was 0,81 g/cm3, air-dried specific gravity was 0,50, and the FSP was 36,16%. The wood belongs to Strength Class III. The recommended utilization for this wood is as a substitute and/or complement for teakwood for the high-quality wooden furniture and fancy veneer industries.

Salah satu faktor penting yang harus diketahui dalam rangka pemanfaatan kayu secara tepat guna adalah stabilitas dimensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji variasi radial stabilitas dimensi kayu surian (Toona sinensis Roem.) asal Sumatera Barat. Indikator stabilitas dimensi yang digunakan adalah T/R-rasio dan tingkat perubahan dimensi (TPD) dari kondisi basah ke kondisi kering udara yang dihitung dengan menggunakan metode standar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan stabilitas dimensi kayu surian tergolong tinggi dengan rata-rata T/R-rasio 1,29 dan TPDnya 0,27 (0,19‒0,34) cm untuk setiap 1% perubahan kadar air kayu. T/R-rasio dan TPD total tidak dipengaruhi oleh lokasi sampel uji dalam batang, sedangkan TPD masing-masing arah dipengaruhi. Secara keseluruhan, bagian teras lebih stabil dibandingkan bagian gubal maupun peralihan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan rata-rata kerapatan kayu surian yang diteliti adalah 0,81 g/cm3, BJ kayu kondisi kering udara 0,50, dan KA-TJSnya 36,16%. Kayu masuk Kelas Kuat III. Potensi pemanfaatan yang disarankan adalah sebagai pengganti dan/atau pelengkap kayu jati untuk industri wooden furniture dan finir bermutu tinggi.