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      Studi Fenofisiologi Perkembangan Bunga dan Perkembangan Buah Matoa (Pometia pinnata)

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      Date
      2021-04-16
      Author
      Agusri
      Widodo, Winarso Drajad
      Matra, Deden Derajat
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      Abstract
      Matoa (Pometia pinnata) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara luas di Indonesia. Matoa dapat tumbuh lebih dari 30 meter dan dapat ditemukan didaerah dataran rendah subtropis dan tropis wilayah Asia Pasifik. Penelitian telah menunjukkan manfaat matoa sebagai buah segar, bahan manufaktur serta mengandung bahan antioksidan, antimikroba dan antivirus. Penelitian dasar seperti studi fenologi dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh informasi pembungaan dan mutu buah yang dapat mendukung budidaya, perbanyakan dan keragaman pemanfaatan matoa. Pengamatan deskriptif dilaksanakan di Taman Buah Mekarsari Cileungsi Bogor. Inisiasi pembungaan terjadi pada akhir bulan Juni ketika intensitas curah hujan mengalami penurunan dan bunga matoa mekar pada bulan September. Malai bunga matoa dapat tumbuh 8 sampai 30 cm dengan 4 sampai 16 anak malai membentuk susunan bunga monopodial inflorescence. Waktu pembungaan tahap inisiasi sampai bunga mekar berlangsung sekitar 56 hari dan bakal buah terbentuk sekitar 9 sampai 12 hari setelah mekar. Perkembangan buah mulai bunga mekar sampai buah matang berlangsung sekitar 12 minggu dengan fruitset sekitar 2,5%. Kata kunci: pembungaan, perkembangan buah, fenofisiologi, Pometia pinnata
       
      Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is one of the underutilized fruit in Indonesia which can growth up to 30 m and can be found naturally mainly in lowland subtropical and tropical areas in the Asia-Pacific region. Some research has been revealed that matoa plant usefull as fresh fruit, manufactur products and contains many functional compound as well as antioxidant, antimikroba and antivirus. Basic research as phenology studies is needed to obtain information on flowering and fruit quality to support the cultivation, breeding and diversification of matoa. Descriptive observation of flowering and fruit development of matoa was carried out at the Mekarsari Fruit Garden in Cileungsi Bogor. Generative initiation starts at the last June when the intensity of rainfall decreases and flowers bloom in September. Matoa panicle flower can growth 8 to 30 cm and 4 to 16 of flower branch and cluster of flowers arranged as a monopodial inflorescence. The periode from the emergence of generative buds to blooming lasts an average of 56 days after initiation and ovaries are formed for 9 to 12 days after anthesis. Fruit development from anthesis to maturity an averaged of 12 weeks after blooming, with an average fruitset of 2,51%.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106619
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      • MT - Agriculture [3988]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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