Produksi Flavonoid Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) pada Jarak Tanam dan Jenis Pupuk Kandang yang Berbeda
Abstract
Tanaman kelor secara universal dikenal sebagai miracle plant atau tree of . Ekstrak daun kelor mengandung flavonoid dan asam fenolik, terutama
vonol (myricetin, kuersetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin glikosida) dan flavon igenin). Tanaman kelor memiliki nilai yang sangat tinggi, baik sebagai moditas ekspor maupun nasional, sehingga pengembangan tanaman ini perlu akukan melalui penentuan teknik budi daya yang dapat meningkatkan produksi un dan total flavonoid. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan yang bertujuan uk mempelajari kadar dan korelasi hara, pigmen, total flavonoid daun pada bagai posisi dan fase pertumbuhan yang berbeda dan juga untuk mempelajari ngaruh jarak tanam dan jenis pupuk kandang terhadap produksi daun dan total
vonoid.
Percobaan ke-1 menggunakan daun tanaman kelor aksesi Bogor pada fase getatif dan generatif. Sampel daun diambil dari tiga tanaman pada posisi daun 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 dari pucuk dan dilakukan analisis hara, pigmen, dan total vonoid. Data kadar N, P, K pada posisi daun ke-1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 dikorelasikan ngan kadar pigmen dan total flavonoid menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan nalisis dengan uji t-student. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kadar hara, men, total flavonoid lebih tinggi pada tanaman fase vegetatif dibandingkan aman fase generatif, sehingga pemanenan tanaman kelor sebaiknya dilakukan da fase vegetatif. Meskipun kadar hara P berkorelasi positif dan nyata dengan dar total flavonoid pada daun ke-5, namun secara umum dapat disimpulkan hwa daun ke-1 sampai ke-5 ada tanaman fase vegetatif dapat direkomendasikan bagai daun indikator untuk pengambilan sampel untuk analisis jaringan aman. Kadar hara N, P, K berkorelasi positif dan nyata dengan kadar klorofil
da tanaman fase generatif.
Percobaan ke-2 menggunakan rancangan percobaan split plot. Jarak tanam bagai petak utama (50 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm, dan 100 cm x 50 cm) dan is pupuk kandang sebagai anak petak (pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk ndang kambing) dengan dosis 20 ton ha-1. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang banyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tangkai daun, bot kering daun, serapan hara, dan produksi total flavonoid per tanaman nyata ih tinggi pada penanaman dengan jarak 100 cm x 50 cm dibandingkan jarak 50 x 25 cm, namun jarak tanam 50 cm x 25 cm nyata meningkatkan bobot segar n bobot kering daun sampai 5916 dan 733,49 kg ha-1 pada panen pertama. puk kandang ayam atau kambing dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan produksi un dan total flavonoid tanaman kelor, sedangkan pengaruh interaksi hanya
eroleh pada kadar kalium. The Moringa plant is universally known as a miracle plant or tree of life because of its medicinal properties for various diseases and contains high nutrition. Moringa leaf extract contains flavonoids and phenolic acids, especially flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin glycosides) and flavones (apigenin). Moringa plant has a very high value, both as an export and national commodity, so the development of this plant needs to be done through the determination of cultivation techniques that can increase leaf production and total flavonoids. This study consisted of two experiments aimed at studying the concentration and correlation of nutrients, pigments, and leaf flavonoids at different positions and growth phases and studying the effect of spacing and types of manure on leaf production and total flavonoids.
The first experiment used the leaves of the bogor accession of moringa plant in the vegetative and generative phases. Leaf samples were taken from three plants at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th leaves from the shoots and analyzed for nutrients, pigments and total flavonoids contents. Data on N, P, K content at at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th leaves were correlated with pigment and total flavonoids content using Pearson‟s correlation test and analyzed using t-student test. The results showed that the content of nutrients, pigments and total flavonoids was higher in the vegetative phase than in the generative phase, so harvesting of moringa should be done in the vegetative phase. Although the P nutrient content had a positive and significant correlation with total flavonoids content in the 5th leaf, in general it can be concluded that the 1st to 5th leaves of vegetative phase plants can be recommended as indicator leaves for sampling for plant tissue analysis. Nutrient content of N, P, K had a positive and significant correlation with chlorophyll content in the generative phase plants.
The experimental design used in the second experiment was the split plot. Plant spacing as the main plot (50 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 50 cm, and 100 cm x 50 cm) and the type of manure as subplots (chicken manure and goat manure) at a dose of 20 tons ha-1. Each treatment combination was repeated three times. The results showed that the number of petioles, leaf dry weight, nutrient uptake, and total flavonoid production per plant were significantly higher at planting with a spacing of 100 cm x 50 cm compared to a spacing of 50 cm x 25 cm, but spacing of 50 cm x 25 cm significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of the leaves to 5916 and 733.49 kg ha-1 at the first harvest. Chicken or goat manure can be used to produce leaves and total flavonoids, while the effect of the interaction is only obtained at the concentration of potassium.
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- MT - Agriculture [3778]