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      Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan In Vitro Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) untuk Seleksi Bakteri Endofit dalam Upaya Pengendalian Huanglongbing

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      Date
      2021
      Author
      Wirakusuma, Komang Trisna
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      Abstract
      Kendala yang sering dialami dalam pertanaman jeruk adalah tingginya serangan penyakit, salah satunya adalah penyakit Huanglongbing (HLB). Pengendalian HLB dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan agen hayati berupa bakteri endofit. Teknik infeksi buatan serangan HLB secara in vitro telah berhasil dikembangkan sehingga seleksi bakteri endofit dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cepat. Jeruk nipis dipilih sebagai eksplan seleksi karena sangat peka terhadap serangan HLB. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan konsentrasi giberelin dan perlakuan skarifikasi terbaik untuk perkecambahan in vitro jeruk nipis, serta mengetahui isolat bakteri endofit terbaik dan lama perendaman optimal untuk pengendalian HLB. Pada tahap pertama penelitian, biji jeruk nipis dengan dan tanpa perlakuan skarifikasi dikecambahkan pada media dasar MS+VMW dengan tambahan giberelin 0 mgL −1 , 5 mgL −1 , 10 mgL −1 , dan 15 mgL −1 . Pada tahap kedua, tunas jeruk hasil perkecambahan direndam selama 1, 2, dan 3 hari dalam 7 suspensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berbeda lalu diinfeksi buatan secara in vitro dengan suspensi bakteri CLas, patogen HLB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi giberelin optimal untuk menginduksi perkecambahan biji jeruk nipis adalah 5 ml −1 . Perlakuan skarifikasi secara nyata mampu mempercepat waktu berkecambah. Bakteri endofit Micrococcus endophyticus memberikan hasil lebih baik dalam mengurangi gejala infeksi HLB dibandingkan bakteri endofit Bacillus spp. Lama perendaman tunas jeruk dalam suspensi bakteri endofit optimal untuk mengurangi gejala infeksi Clas adalah 3 hari.
       
      The problem that is often experienced in citrus cultivation is the high incidence of diseases, one of which is Huanglongbing disease (HLB). HLB control can be done by utilizing biological agents in the form of endophyte bacteria. In vitro artificial infection techniques for HLB attacks have been developed so that selection of endophyte bacteria can be carried out more quickly. In vitro lime sprouts were chosen as the explants of selection because of its sensitivity to HLB attack. This study aims to obtain the best gibberellin concentration and scarification treatment for in vitro lime germination, as well as to determine the best endophyte bacterial isolates and optimal immersion time for HLB control. In the first stage of the research, seeds with and without scarification treatment were germinated on MS+VMW base medium with the addition of 0 mgL −1 , 5 mgL −1 , 10 mgL −1 , and 15 mgL −1 gibberellin. In the second stage, the shoots were cultured for 1, 2, and 3 days in 7 different endophyte bacterial suspensions and then infected with CLas bacteria, the pathogen of HLB. The results of this research indicate that the optimal concentration of gibberellin to induce lime germination is 5 mgL −1 . The scarification treatment significantly accelarated the germination time. Endophyte bacteria Micrococcus endophyticusshowed better results in reducing the symptoms of HLB infection than the endophyte bacteria Bacillus spp. The optimal duration of inoculation to reduce the symptoms of CLas infection was 3 days.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/106064
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