Analisis Aktor Lokal Dominan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa

Abstract

Pengelolaan keuangan desa merupakan satu proses penting yang menentukan tercapainya tujuan pembangunan desa. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pengelolaan keuangan desa menghadapi berbagai kendala. Jika dilihat dari sudut pandang sosiologis, kendala-kendala dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa tidak hanya bersifat administratif yang disebabkan oleh kapasitas sumber daya masyarakat (SDM) di desa, melainkan juga kendala yang bersifat struktural berupa intervensi pemerintah melalui kebijakan dan peranannya dalam mengatur pengelolaan keuangan desa yang menyebabkan ruang partisipasi bagi masyarakat semakin sempit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua desa yaitu Desa Purwabakti Kecamatan Pamijahan yang merupakan desa tipe ‘desa’ dan Desa Sukadamai Kecamatan Dramaga yang merupakan desa tipe ‘desa-kota’. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengukur dan menganalisis indeks pengaruh aktor dan tindakan para aktor lokal dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa, (2) menganalisis makna partisipasi menurut masyarakat dan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan keuangan desa, (3) menganalisis makna efektivitas menurut masyarakat dan tingkat efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan desa dalam rangka mencapai keberhasilan program pembangunan desa, dan (4) menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dan tingkat efektivitas pengelolaan keuangan desa.

Village financial management is an important process that determines the achievement of the village development goals. However, in its implementation, financial management in a village faces various obstacles. Based on sociological perspective, the constraints in village financial management were not only about administrative aspects which were caused by the capacity of community resources in the village, but also structural constraints in the form of governmental intervention through their policies and regulations on their which further reduced local community participation ing village financial management. This research was conducted in two villages in Bogor Regency, i.e. Purwabakti Village, Pamijahan District with the characteristics of a rural village and Sukadamai Village, Dramaga District with semi-urban village characteristics. The objectives of this study were (1) to measure and analyze the influence index of local actors and actions of local actors in village financial management, (2) to analyze the meaning of participation and the level of community participation in village financial management, (3) to analyze the meaning of effectiveness and effectiveness level of village financial management in achieving the successful of the village development program, and (4) analyze the relationship between the level of community participation and the level of effectiveness of village financial management.