Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Kayu Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) dan Kayu Mangium (Acacia Mangium Willd.) Terimpregnasi Furfuril Alkohol
Date
2020-04-27Author
Mulyosari, Desy
Hadi, Yusuf Sudo
Herliyana, Elis Nina
Pari, Gustan
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Kayu yang digunakan di industri saat ini dipasok dari hutan tanaman. Kayu dari hutan tanaman secara umum memiliki sifat fisis dan mekanis yang rendah. Perlakuan furfurilasi dapat meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) dan mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) dengan sifat fisis dan mekanis yang lebih baik melalui proses impregnasi furfuril alkohol (FA) dan menganalisis ada atau tidaknya ikatan kimia antara FA dengan komponen kayu. Kayu sengon dan mangium divakum pada 600 mmHg selama 30 menit, setelah vakum selesai, larutan FA dimasukkan ke dalam tabung impregnasi kemudian diberikan tekanan sebesar
10 kg/cm2 selama 30 menit. Contoh uji yang telah diimpregnasi kemudian dilapisi alumunium foil dan dimasukkan ke dalam oven bersuhu 103 oC selama 24 jam. Contoh uji diukur banyaknya penambahan berat setelah proses impregnasi (weight
percent gain, WPG).
Pengujian sifat fisis yang dilakukan pada contoh uji meliputi pengujian kadar air (KA), kerapatan, daya serap air (DSA), pengembangan dan penyusutan volume kayu, serta koefisien anti pengembangan (anti-swelling efficiency, ASwE) dan koefisien anti penyusutan (anti-shrinking efficiency, AShE). Pengujian mekanis berupa modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), dan kekerasan yang mengacu pada BS 373:1957. Pengujian sifat fisis dan
mekanis juga dilakukan pada contoh uji tanpa perlakuan sebagai perbandingan, pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 10 ulangan tiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara berurutan kayu sengon dan kayu mangium terfurfurilasi memiliki nilai WPG 46.49% dan 9.14%, KA berkurang sebesar 77.58% dan 66.04%, kerapatan meningkat 34.39% dan 10.07%, DSA berkurang 83.80% dan 75.99%, pengembangan volume berkurang sebesar 71.91% dan 72.46%, penyusutan volume juga berkurang sebesar 57.84% dan 52.72%, nilai ASwE 71.81% dan 71.77%, serta nilai AShE 51.23% dan 53.19%.
Sifat mekanis kayu sengon dan mangium terfurfurilasi secara berurutan nilai MOE meningkat sebesar 19.89% dan 35.20%, MOR meningkat 0.90% dan 61.14%, kekerasan kayu sisi radial meningkat 51.35% dan 56.79%, kekerasan sisi tangensial meningkat 38.96% dan 84.58%, kekerasan ujung meningkat 20.00% dan 21.19%. Berdasarkan hasil
tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kayu sengon dan kayu mangium terfurfurilasi memiliki sifat fisis dan mekanis yang lebih baik dibanding kayu tanpa perlakuan. Hasil analisis melalui uji X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, dan
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry menunjukkan adanya ikatan kimia antara FA dengan kayu. The timber in industry is supplied from plantation forests. Timber from plantation forests generally has low physical and mechanical properties. Furfurylation treatment can improve physical and mechanical properties. The purpose of the study ware to obtain sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) and mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) woods with better physical and mechanical properties through the
impregnation proses of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and analyze the presence of chemical bonds between FA and wood components. Sengon and mangium woods were vacuumed at 600 mmHg during 30 minutes, when the vacuum has been releasing, the FA reagent was inserted to the tank and followed with pressure at 10 kg/cm2
during 30 minutes. The specimens were wrapped with alumunium foil and heated in the oven at 103oC for 24 hours.
The specimens were tested for physical properties including weight percent gain (WPG), moisture content (MC), density, water absorption (WA), swelling, shrinkage, and anti-swelling efficiency (ASwE) and mechanical properties modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and hardness according to BS 373:1957. Untreated samples were also prepared for comparison purpose, the replication was ten for each treatment. The results showed
that furfurylated sengon and mangium woods reached WPG 46.49% and 9.14%, the MC decreased 77.58% and 66.04%, the densities increased 34.39% and 10.07%, water absorption decreased 83.80% and 75.99%, swelling decreased 71.91% and 72.46%, and shrinkage decreased 57.84% and 52.72%, ASwE 71.81%, and 71.77%, and AShE 51.23% and 53.19%, respectively.
The mechanical properties of furfurylated sengon and mangium woods, MOE increased 19.89% and 35.20%, MOR increased 0.90% and 61.14%, radial hardness increased 51.35% and 56.79%, tangential hardness increased 38.96% and 84.58%, end hardness increased 20.00% and 21.19%, respectively. It could be concluded that the furfurylated wood had better physical and mechanical properties than the untreated wood. The results of the analysis through X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infra-Red, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry tests, showed that the presence of chemical bonds between FA and woods.
Collections
- MT - Forestry [1373]