Nilai Ekonomi Orangutan Tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis) di Kawasan Hutan Batang Toru Kecamatan Sipirok Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

Abstract

Satwaliar mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia baik ditinjau dari segi ekonomi, penelitian, pendidikan dan kebudayaan, maupun untuk kepentingan rekreasi dan pariwisata. Untuk menunjang kepentingan ekonomi tersebut, konservasi satwaliar sangat penting. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tujuh desa Kecamatan Sipirok Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan tujuan mengkaji persepsi masyarakat dan organisasi serta mentukan nilai ekomomi orangutan. Metode yang dipakai untuk memperoleh persepsi adalah wawancara menggunakan skala likert dan nilai ekonomi diperoleh dengan menanyakan willingness to pay terhadap pelestarian orangutan Batang Toru. Persepsi responden masyarakat menunjukkan persentase terbesar 57,9% menyatakan setuju terhadap pelestarian orangutan, sedangkan responden organisasi menunjukkan persentase terbesar 46,6% menyatakan sangat setuju terhadap pelestarian orangutan. Nilai orangutan berdasarkan metode biaya pelestarian berkisar antara Rp390.000.000/tahun sampai dengan Rp490.775.000/tahun. Nilai orangutan berdasarkan willingness to pay menurut masyarakat sebesar Rp65.760/tahun/rumah tangga dan menurut organisasi Rp1.680.000/tahun/rumah tangga. Berdasarkan willingness to pay masyarakat, diestimasi nilai pelestarian satu ekor orangutan bagi masyarakat kecamatan Sipirok sebesar Rp213.062/tahun.

Wildlife has a very important role in human life, both from an economic, research, educational and cultural perspective, as well as for recreational and tourism purposes. To support these economic interests, wildlife conservation is very important. This research was conducted in seven villages of Sipirok District, North Sumatra Province with the aim of assessing community and organizational perceptions and determining the economic value of orangutans. The method used to obtain perceptions is interview using a likert scale and economic value is obtained by asking willingness to pay for the conservation of the Batang Toru orangutan. The perception of community respondents show that the largest percentage is 57.9% who agree with orangutan preservation, while organizational respondents show that the largest percentage is 46.6% who strongly agree with orangutan preservation. The value of orangutans based on the conservation cost method ranges from Rp. 390,000,000/year to Rp. 490,775,000/year. The value of orangutans based on willingness to pay according to the community is IDR 65.760/year/household and according to the organization IDR 1.680.000/year/household. Based on the community's willingness to pay, it is estimated that the conservation value of one orangutan for the community of Sipirok sub-district is IDR 213.062/head.