Kutu Putih (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Pada Krisan Dan Upaya Pengelolaannya Di PT. Natalia Nursery, Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstract
Krisan merupakan tanaman hias bunga potong dan menjadi komoditas
ekspor utama florikultura di Indonesia. Usaha dalam budidaya tidak terlepas dari
organisme penganggu tanaman, salah satunya kutu putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan
mengidentifikasi spesies kutu putih pada krisan, menentukan intensitas serangan
dan mengamati gejala kerusakan Phenacoccus solenopsis pada krisan serta upaya
pengendaliannya. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengoleksi kutu putih yang ada
pada tanaman krisan kemudian dibuat preparat mikroskop. Pengamatan intensitas
serangan dilakukan pada tiga petak krisan, dan gejala kerusakan dilakukan dengan
menginfestasi Ph. solenopsis. Upaya pengendalian dilakukan dengan menguji
keefektifan minyak mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap Ph. solenopsis, yaitu
dengan aplikasi minyak mimba tunggal, sabun sebelum mimba, campuran sabun
dan mimba serta kontrol. Metode pengujiannya yaitu larutan disemprot pada
tanaman yang diinfestasi kutu putih. Kematian Ph. solenopsis diamati 24, 48, 72,
96 JSP. Hasil identifikasi terdapat empat spesies kutu putih, yaitu: Ferrisia virgata,
Ph. solenopsis, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, dan Planacoccus minor yang
menjadi hama pada krisan. Spesies F. virgata dan Pl. minor merupakan catatan baru
pada tanaman krisan. Intensitas serangan Ph. solenopsis tertinggi yaitu 8.72%
dengan populasi 73.5 kutu putih per petak. Kerusakan Ph. solenopsis pada fase
vegetatif menyebabkan malformasi di bagian pucuk daun sehingga ukurannya
menyusut, keriting, penebalan daun, pembengkokan batang serta pengurangan
ukuran secara keseluruhan. Gejala fase generatif menyebabkan daun pelindung
seperti terpelintir, bakal bunga tidak berkembang dan pembengkokan tangkai
bunga. Aplikasi sabun dilanjut dengan mimba menunjukkan paling efektif terhadap
Ph. solenopsis dengan mortalitas sebesar 100% pada 96 JSP. Chrysanthemum is the most exported ornamental cut flower in Indonesia.
Its cultivation cannot be separated from pests attacks, especially mealybugs. This
study aims to identify mealybugs species on chrysanthemum, to determine the
intensity attack level, damage symptom of Phenacoccus solenopsis and its control
efforts. Mealybug identification was made by collecting mealybugs and preparing
on slide. The intensity and population development of mealybugs were observed on
three plots. The damage symptoms caused by mealybugs, a certain number of Ph.
solenopsis were infested to the plants and observed. Control efforts were carried
out by testing the effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica) against Ph.
solenopsis, the plant was treated with single neem oil, combined with soap, applied
after soap and control. The method is a solution sprayed on chrysantemum that
mealybugs invest in. The death Ph. solenopsis was observed at 24, 48, 72, 96 HAT.
The identification result shows that there are four mealybugs species, i.e: Ferrisia
virgata, Ph. solenopsis, Planacoccus minor, and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi as
pest on chrysanthemum. The species of F. virgata and Pl. minor are new mealybugs
pests record to chrysanthemum. The highest intensity of Ph. solenopsis is recorded
as many as 8.72 % or 73.5 mealybugs per plots. Damage due to mealybugs in the
vegetative phase causes malformation in the shoots leaves reported as reduction of
leaf size, wavy leaves, curled, thickened, twisted leaves, incurvation of stem, and
reduction of overall plant size. Further damage on generative phase showed the
incurvation of bud and flower stalk. The most effective treatment against Ph.
solenopsis with a mortality of 100% at 96 hour after treatment on soap spraying
continued by neem.
Collections
- UT - Plant Protection [2412]