Penilaian Ekonomi Lingkungan Terhadap Konversi Hutan Mangrove Menjadi Tambak dan Pemukiman (Studi Kasus di Hutan Angke Kapuk Jakarta Utara)

Abstract

The conversion of the mangrove forest in Angke Kapuk done by government, private sector and the community has degraded the quality of the environment of the mangrove forest. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to 1) calculate the total economic values of the forest mangrove, and analyze the social and economic aspects of the community around the Angke Kapuk; 2) calculate and analyze the willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community and the willingness to accept from the community of the fish pond owners ; 3) analyze the factors which have an effect on the willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community and the willingness to accept from the community of the fish ponds owners. Results from the research show that the total economic value of the Angke Kapuk mangrove is Rp. 4.184.566.038,- per annum or Rp. 73.418.378,- per hectare per annum. The total economic value of the Angke Kapuk forest, which was as wide as 1154,88 hectares before it was converted by PT. Mandara Permai, was Rp. 84.789.416.385,- per annum. The amount of money willingly paid by the community of Pantai Indah Kapuk is Rp. 165.440.880,- per annum and the amount of money willingly accepted by the community of the fish pond owners is Rp. 1.329.745.043,-. The willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community for the improvement of the quality of the environment is affected by the people’s occupations, educations, incomes, and size of households. The amount of money willingly paid by the Pantai Indah Kapuk community is affected by their ages, educations, incomes, and size of households. The willingness to accept from the community of the fish pond owners for the improvement of the environment is affected by their educations, incomes, and size of households. The amount of money willingly accepted by the community of the fish pond owners is affected by their incomes, educations, expenditures, and size of households. The actions and efforts done to improve the environment and to manage the Angke Kapuk forest areas include: 1) the replanting of the mangrove plants; 2) the building of embankments as wave breakers; 3) the handling of plastic and household waste; and 3) the handling of illegal fish ponds within the forest areas. Keywords : total economic value of the mangrove, the willingness to pay, the willingness to accept.