Komunitas Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) di Kawasan Hutan Wisata Alam Gunung Meja, Manokwari, Papua Barat

Abstract

Kupu-kupu Papilionoidea merupakan anggota dari ordo Lepidoptera, yang mempunyai keunikan dan ciri khas corak warna sayap yang indah. Salah satu kelompok kupu-kupu yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Papua adalah kupu-kupu sayap burung (Ornithoptera spp.) yang beberapa diantaranya berstatus endemik. Papua mempunyai keragaman serangga yang tinggi, yaitu sekitar 300.000 spesies sudah diidentifikasi dan 960 spesies merupakan kelompok Lepidoptera. Kupu-kupu Papilionoidea yang sudah didata di Papua New Guinea sebanyak 568 spesies, 60% diantaranya merupakan spesies endemik di Kepulauan Papua. Di Papua khususnya, penelitian keanekaragaman spesies dan distribusi kupu-kupu masih kurang. Gunung Meja merupakan salah satu hutan di Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat yang belum terdata keragaman spesies kupu-kupunya.

Gunung Meja, one of the forest areas in Manokwari, West Papua province, has been designated as a recreational forest since 1980. Gunung Meja covers 460.25 ha and is located at 75 – 175 m asl. Gunung Meja is directly adjacent to residential areas, so that the community activities, such as felling trees and gardening are often conducted in the area. These can interfere with the existence of flora and fauna inside, including butterflies. To know the impact of intrusive human activities on the forest area, it is necessary to obtain basic information about what flora and fauna are present there. This study aims to record the butterfly community in the area. Observations of butterflies were done by scan sampling on primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements. Sampling and measurement of environmental parameters were performed in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks. This study recorded 113 species and 4.049 individuals of butterflies. There were 75 species in primary forest, 77 species in secondary forest, and 63 species in gardens and settlements. The number of species found was still increasing until the last day of the observation. Shannon- Wiener index (H’) calculation showed that diversity in primary and secondary forests were 3.48 and 3.50, respectively, thus classified as high (H’ > 3). Sorensen index calculation (CN) showed high value reaching 0.5 quantitatively. The numbers of butterflies both species number and individual number, observed in the morning were higher than those in the afternoon. There was significant effect (P < 0.05) of temperature, RH, light intensity, and canopy coverage to the number of individual butterflies. The result of PCA analysis showed that the environmental parameters in primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements influenced the number of species and number of individuals.