Tata Niaga dan Pendugaan Volume Perdagangan Ilegal Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica)

Abstract

Perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal landak Jawa menyebabkan penurunan jumlah populasi landak Jawa di alam dan merugikan negara secara ekologi dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, serta menduga volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal landak Jawa. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelusuran dokumen melalui Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Sistem Informasi Penelusuran Perkara (SIPP) serta media massa dalam rentang tahun 2018-2024. Data penelitian juga didapatkan melalui grup jual beli online dengan berinteraksi kepada pelaku untuk memperoleh informasi tentang perdagangan ilegal landak Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga alur tata niaga yang didominasi tipe alur harvester directly to consumer (60%). Pelaku perdagangan ilegal landak Jawa berjenis kelamin laki-laki (93%), berusia dewasa (20-44 tahun), berprofesi sebagai wiraswasta (62,5%) dengan motivasi ekonomi (80%) sebagai latar belakang pelaku menjalankan aksinya serta transaksi cenderung dilakukan secara online (53%). Terdapat 15 transaksi pada periode 2018-2024, dugaan volume perdagangan memiliki total sebanyak 79 ekor landak Jawa yang diperdagangkan. Penduguaan nilai perdagangan ilegal dari 15 transaksi mendapatkan nilai sebesar Rp37.950.000,00.

Hunting and illegal trade in sunda porcupine has caused a decline in the population of Javan porcupines in the wild and is detrimental to the country ecologically and economically. This research aims to identify the flow of trade, the characteristics of the perpetrators, and estimate the volume and value of the illegal Javan porcupine trade. The method used is document tracing through the Directory of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, the Case Tracking Information System (SIPP) and mass media in the 2018-2024. Research data was also obtained through online buying and selling groups by interacting with perpetrators to obtain information about the illegal trade in sunda porcupines. The results of the research show that there are three trading flows, which are dominated by the harvester direct to consumer flow type (60%). The perpetrators of the illegal trade in Javan porcupines are male (93%), mature (20-44 years), work as entrepreneurs (62,5%) with economic motivation (80%) and transactions tend to be carried out online (53%). There were 15 transactions in the 2018-2024, the estimated trading volume had a total of 79 Javan porcupines traded. The estimated value of illegal trade from 15 transactions reached a value of IDR 37,950,000.00.