Tata Niaga dan Pendugaan Volume Perdagangan Ilegal Kucing Kuwuk (Prionailurus bengalensis Desmarest, 1816)

Abstract

Populasi kucing kuwuk semakin menurun karena tingginya penawaran dan keuntungan dari perdagangan ilegal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis alur perdagangan, peran dan karakteristik pelaku, serta memperkirakan volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal kucing kuwuk di Indonesia dari tahun 2014 hingga 2023. Data diperoleh dari studi literatur di Direktori Pustaka Mahkamah Agung, Sistem Informasi Penelusuran Perkara, berita online, dan media sosial, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 45% alur perdagangan termasuk redundant channels dan 53% transaksi secara online di Kalimantan Selatan (20%). Terdapat 42 pelaku yang mayoritas berusia dewasa dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki, dengan 11 pelaku (31%) di antaranya adalah pedagang. Peran spesifik pada pelaku yakni oportunis (67%), penjaja (88%) dan hiasan (60%). Faktor ekonomi menjadi motivasi utama (91%). Total kasus dan volume perdagangan kucing kuwuk yang didapatkan sebanyak 40 kasus dan 109 individu dengan nilai ekonomi perdagangan kucing kuwuk pada periode 2014-2023 diperkirakan mencapai Rp29.665.000,00 dengan rata-rata nilai harga Rp272.156,00 per ekor.

The leopard cats population is declining due to the high demand and profitability of the illegal trade. This study aims to identify and analyze the flow of trade, the roles and characteristics of the perpetrators, and estimate the volume and value of the illegal trade of leopard cats in Indonesia from 2014 to 2023. Data were obtained from literature studies in the Supreme Court Library Directory, Case Search Information System, online news, and social media, and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 45% of occurred through redundant channels and 53% of transactions online in South Kalimantan (20%). There were 42 actors, the majority of whom were adults and male, with 11 actors (31%) of them being traders. The most specific role were opportunist (67%), peddler (88%), and decoration (60%), respectively. Economic factors were the main motivation (91%). The total number of cases and volume of leopard cat trade obtained were 40 cases and 109 individuals with the economic value of the trade in 2014-2023 was estimated at IDR 29,665,000 with an average price of IDR 272,156 per head.