Hubungan Pengetahuan serta Sikap Gizi dan Keamanan Pangan dengan Kebiasaan Jajan dan Status Gizi Siswa

Abstract

Anak usia sekolah dasar cenderung memiliki kebiasaan jajan dan belum memiliki pengetahuan serta sikap yang baik terkait gizi keamanan pangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan serta sikap gizi dan keamanan pangan dengan kebiasaan jajan dan status gizi siswa. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional serta melibatkan 71 subjek kelas IV dan V SDN Ciawi 02. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Mei 2024 melalui wawancara, pengisian kuesioner, serta pengukuran antropometri. Instrumen pengetahuan dan sikap diukur menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, asupan dengan Food Recall serta Food Frequency Questionnaire, dan status gizi dengan berat dan tinggi badan. Mayoritas subjek memiliki pengetahuan sedang (63,4%) dan sikap netral (54,9%), tergolong sering jajan (76,1%), kontribusi zat gizi jajanannya berlebih (>20% ), dan status gizinya tergolong normal (69%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan serta sikap gizi dan keamanan pangan dengan kebiasaan jajan dan status gizi subjek (p>0,05). Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap asupan energi jajanan adalah jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan ayah, pekerjaan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pendapatan ibu, dan sikap subjek (p<0,05). Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap asupan protein jajanan adalah jenis kelamin, usia, pekerjaan ayah, dan pendidikan ibu (p<0,05). Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap asupan lemak jajanan adalah jenis kelamin, usia, pekerjaan ayah, pendidikan ibu, dan sikap subjek (p<0,05).

Elementary school-age children have snacking habits and not yet having good knowledge and attitudes related to food safety nutrition. The purpose was to analyze relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards nutrition and food safety with snacking habits and nutritional status. The study used a cross-sectional design and involved 71 subjects of class IV and V SDN Ciawi 02. The study was conducted in May 2024 through interviews, filling out questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. Knowledge and attitude instrument measured using structured questionnaires, intake with Food Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire, and nutritional status with weight and height. The majority of the subjects had moderate knowledge (63.4%), neutral attitudes (54.9%), were classified as frequent snacks (76.1%), their snack nutrient contribution was excessive (>20%), and their nutritional status classified as normal (69%). There was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes with snacking habits and nutritional status of subjects (p>0.05). Factors that influence the energy intake of snacks are gender, age, father's education, father's occupation, mother's education, mother's income, and subject's attitude (p<0.05). Factors affecting snack protein intake are gender, age, father's occupation, and mother's education (p<0.05). Factors influencing snack fat intake are gender, age, father's occupation, mother's education, and subject's attitude (p<0.05).