Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Lingkungan Perairan Hilir Sungai Musi
Abstract
One of the problems exist on this time was more decreased it water quality of Musi river especially at downstream part as consequence the increasing of various activity antropogenic and industrial activity in downstream waters of Musi river. The research was done from April to July 2007 by purposive random sampling method at 18 stations and analisys in representative laboratory. The purpose from this research can give based information about characteristics of changes structure of makrozoobenthos community was can be used as bioindicator about environmental quality in downstream waters of Musi river. Results of this research was found 25 species macrozoobenthos devided into 6 class and 3 phyllum. There is Tubifex sp, Lumbriculus sp, Haplotaxis sp, Branchiura sp, Nereis sp, Nepthys cormuta, Cossura sp, Chironomous sp, Hydropsche sp, Polycentropus sp, Palpomya sp, Gomphoides sp, Bellamya javanica, Bellamya sumatrensis, Melanoides tuberculata, Anentome sp, Pila ampullacea, Thiara sp, Corbicula javanica, Anodonta woodiana, Gammarus sp, Namalycastis sp, Cirratulus sp, and Physa sp. The highest density was dominated by class Oligochaeta that is Tubifex sp were 86.94 % in April and 87.74 % in July 2007. Based on study biology parameter showed that the environmental quality in downstream waters of the Musi river was categorized into 3 groups that is group 1 ; heavy polluted (poor water quality) the marked of existence lower diversity index, higher density and higher dominance index were dominated species Tubifex sp in April and July 2007 was found at the stations Musi Kramasan, Muara Ogan, Ampera, Wilmar, Pusri, and Hoktong, group 2 ; moderate polluted (fair water quality) was found at the stations Gandus, Pre Ogan, Sungai Kundur, Pulau Borang, PT. SAP, SST. Pulau Burung and Tanjung Buyut were the marked diversity index low to moderate, lower density and lower to moderate dominance index lower to moderate with the species marked is Hydropsche sp, group 3 ; light polluted (good water quality) was found at the stasiun Pulokerto, Upang, Pre Selat Cemara, Selat Cemara and Pulau Payung the marked with diversity index and was by moderate and lower dominance index were dominated Gammarus sp. From the results was found several tolerant species that can be used as bioindicator environmental quality in downstream waters of Musi river is Tubifex sp, Lumbriculus sp, Nereis sp and Chironomous sp was categorized as heavy pollution indicator (poor water quality), Facultative species is Hydropsche sp as indicator light to moderate pollution and Gammarus sp as indicator clean water restoration zone (self-purification).