Viabilitas dan Perkembangan Mikrospora dalam Kultur Antera Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Perlakuan Suhu Rendah dan Konsentrasi Maltosa

Abstract

Haploid technology through anther culture is an alternative means to accelerate genetic stability of crops. Development and application of this technology in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) will enhance the establishment of haploid and double haploid plants in only one generation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of low temperature stress and carbon source of maltose concentration on the viability and development of microspore to induce sporophytic division in anther culture of oil palm in a double layer medium system. The treatment was a combination of incubation period of cold stress (4-9°C) and concentration of maltose as carbon source. Anthers used containing microspores mostly at late uninucleate phase (30-41%) and early binucleate (42-59%) were obtained from male flowers from half open spatha at middle spikelet position. Microspores cultured in all concentrations of maltose and low temperature stress in general continued to grow gametophyitically then gradually die. However, the viability of microspores on the medium with carbon source 20 g/l maltose and incubation period of low temperature stress for one day was approximately 52% at 5 weeks after culture. From this treatment, there was indications that the induction has been initiated shown by the finding of sporophytic division of microspores with two relatively symmetrical nuclei, although in a very low percentage.