Studi polimorfisme protein hemoglobin darah ayam arab periode produksi pada suhu kandang berbeda

Abstract

Ayam Arab merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang potensial dikembangkan untuk sumber protein hewani di Indonesia, mengingat ternak ini memiliki potensi sebagai ayam petelur unggul dan memiliki karakteristik telur yang menyerupai ayam lokal dan kemampuan beradaptasi yang cukup tinggi dengan lingkungan Indonesia yang beriklim tropis. Produktivitas suatu ternak tergantung pada faktor genetik dan lingkungan, oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui polimorfisme protein hemoglobin darah ayam Arab, kaitan pita hemoglobin dengan produksi telur, produksi telur pada suhu lingkungan kandang yang berbeda, serta produksi telur pada jarak antar tulang pubis yang berbeda. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik eksternal telur yang dihasilkan oleh ayam Arab.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of hemoglobin loci towards the characteristics of egg productivity of Arab laying hens through blood protein polymorphism analysis by electrophoresis method. Thirty Arab laying hens (consist of 22 Arab hens Silver and 8 Arab hens Golden) kept in a batteray-pen were used in this research. Whole chickens are grouped in cages with a different temperature, i.e. about 25 oC ambient temperature (21-29 oC) and hot temperatures around 30 oC (24- 32 oC), as well as different distances pubic bone, which is wide, medium and narrow. Individual egg production was recorded until period of 20 days. Blood samples taken from the wing vein and vertical electrophoresis method with acrylamide gel used to analyze the pattern of protein bands of hemoglobin. The result of blood protein analysis identified that the hemoglobin locus was polymorphic and consist of 2 alleles forming 3 genotipes (HbAA, HbAB and HbBB), but in this study did not find HbBB gene. Gene A ( 1) influenced genetically to increase egg production (1.44), whereas gene B ( 2) effected on decrease of egg production (3.36). Type of Arab chicken (Silver and Golden) did not affect the average egg production, but affect the average weight of egg. There was no effect of environmental temperature on the average egg production and weight of egg. The distance between the pubic bone affect the potential for egg production. Widening the distance between the pubic bone will increase egg production. External quality chicken eggs (eggshell integrity) at environment temperature (± 25 oC) is better than at hot temperatures (± 30 oC). Hemoglobin protein polymorphism can be used for biomolecular selection approach in the selection of high producing Arab hens.