UT - Forestry Products

Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Bambu Tamiang Hasil Perendaman menggunakan Asam Sitrat dan Asam Tartarat

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Bambu Tamiang Hasil Perendaman menggunakan Asam Sitrat dan Asam Tartarat Dewi, Dwiratih Ratna Bambu tamiang (Schizostachyum sp.) berpotensi sebagai bahan baku sedotan ramah lingkungan, namun tingkat kecerahan warna serta perubahan sifat fisis dan mekanisnya masih menjadi kendala. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh jenis asam organik, yaitu asam sitrat 10% (C1) dan 20% (C2), serta asam tartarat 10% (T1) dan 20% (T2), dengan metode perendaman panas-dingin selama 3 jam (P3) dan 5 jam (P5), perendaman dingin selama 3 jam (D3) dan 5 jam (D5) terhadap kecerahan warna, sifat fisis, dan mekanis bambu tamiang. Sebanyak 96 sampel diuji meliputi kecerahan dan perubahan warna, weigh loss (WL), retensi, daya serap air (DSA), efisiensi anti pengembangan (ASE), modulus elastisitas (MOE), modulus patah (MOR), dan kuat tekan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perendaman asam sitrat 10% selama 3 jam menghasilkan kecerahan tertinggi (54,37) dan perubahan warna tertinggi (24,33). Perlakuan P3T2 menghasilkan retensi tertinggi (13,07 kg/m³) dan WL terendah (1,21%), serta D5T2 dengan ASE tertinggi (63,53%) dan DSA terendah (43,46%). Nilai MOE dan MOR terbaik masing-masing diperoleh pada perlakuan P3T2 sebesar 2618,73 MPa dan P3T1 sebesar 45,82 MPa. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan D3C1 (51,26 MPa).; Tamiang bamboo (Schizostachyum sp.) has potential as an environmentally friendly raw material for drinking straws; however, its low brightness level and changes in physical and mechanical properties remain major challenges. This study aims to analyze the effects of organic acid types, including 10% citric acid (C1), 20% citric acid (C2), 10% tartaric acid (T1), and 20% tartaric acid (T2), combined with hot–cold soaking for 3 h (P3) and 5 h (P5), and cold soaking for 3 h (D3) and 5 h (D5), on the color brightness, physical, and mechanical properties of tamiang bamboo. A total of 96 samples were tested for brightness and color change, weight loss (WL), retention, water absorption (WA), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compressive strength. The results showed that soaking in 10% citric acid for 3 h produced the highest brightness (54,37) and color change (24,33). Treatment P3T2 resulted in the highest retention (13,07 kg/m³) and the lowest WL (1,21%), while treatment D5T2 showed the highest ASE (63,53%) and the lowest WA (43,46%). The highest MOE and MOR values were obtained under treatments P3T2 (2618,73 MPa) and P3T1 (45,82 MPa), respectively. The highest compressive strength was obtained under treatment D3C1 (51,26 MPa).

Daya Saing Ekspor Coated Paper and Paperboard (HS 4810) Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Periode 2018-2024

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Daya Saing Ekspor Coated Paper and Paperboard (HS 4810) Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Periode 2018-2024 PERDANA, CITRA PUTRI CITRA PUTRI PERDANA. Daya Saing Ekspor Coated Paper and Paperboard (HS 4810) Indonesia di Pasar Internasional Periode 2018–2024. Dibimbing oleh ELISA GANDA TOGU MANURUNG. Coated paper and paperboard (HS 4810) merupakan komoditas strategis dalam industri hasil hutan yang digunakan untuk keperluan tulis, cetak, grafis, dan kemasan. Indonesia mengekspor beberapa produk dalam kelompok HS 4810, khususnya 481013, 481019, 481029, dan 481092, namun informasi mengenai tingkat daya saingnya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengukur tingkat daya saing ekspor produk tersebut di pasar internasional, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, serta merumuskan strategi pengembangan daya saingnya di pasar internasional selama periode 2018–2024. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), dan Constant Market Share (CMS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keunggulan komparatif hanya dimiliki oleh produk HS 481029 dengan nilai RCA 4,07–4,78. Keunggulan kompetitif juga didominasi oleh produk HS 481029 dengan nilai ISP 0,56–0,83, namun terjadi pergeseran menuju produk berbasis kemasan (HS 481092) di tahun 2024. Analisis CMS menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekspor terutama didorong oleh faktor daya saing dan distribusi pasar. Namun, terdapat ketidaksesuaian komposisi komoditas yang mengindikasikan bahwa struktur ekspor Indonesia belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan dinamika permintaan pasar global. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya penyesuaian strategi ekspor untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan kesesuaian produk di pasar internasional. Kata kunci: coated paper, CMS, daya saing, ISP, RCA; CITRA PUTRI PERDANA. Competitiveness of Indonesian Coated Paper and Paperboard Exports (HS 4810) in the International Market for the 2018–2024 Period. Supervised by ELISA GANDA TOGU MANURUNG. Coated paper and paperboard (HS 4810) is a strategic commodity in the forest products industry, widely used for writing, printing, graphics, and packaging. Indonesia exports several products within the HS 4810 group, particularly 481013, 481019, 481029, and 481092, however, information regarding their level of competitiveness remains limited. This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness of these products in the international market, identify the influencing factors, and formulate strategies to enhance their competitiveness during 2018–2024. The methods employed include Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (ISP), and Constant Market Share (CMS). The results indicate that comparative advantage is only found in product HS 481029, with RCA values ranging from 4.07 to 4.78. Competitive advantage is also dominated by product HS 481029, with ISP values between 0.56 and 0.83; however, a shift toward packaging-based products (HS 481092) is observed in 2024. The CMS analysis reveals that export growth is primarily driven by competitiveness and market distribution effects. Nevertheless, a mismatch in commodity composition indicates that Indonesia’s export structure is not yet fully aligned with global market demand dynamics. These findings highlight the need for strategic adjustments to improve export competitiveness and product alignment in the international market. Keywords: coated paper, competitiveness, CMS, ISP, RCA

Volatilitas Harga Ekspor Wood Pellets Indonesia Periode 2012-2025

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Volatilitas Harga Ekspor Wood Pellets Indonesia Periode 2012-2025 AKITAZUMI, AZKA ZAKARIYA Wood pellets (HS 440131) merupakan komoditas energi terbarukan yang semakin berkembang dalam perdagangan global seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan energi rendah karbon. Indonesia memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangannya, namun harga ekspornya berfluktuasi sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis volatilitas harga ekspor wood pellets Indonesia periode 2012–2025 serta menentukan model volatilitas terbaik. Data time series bulanan diolah menjadi harga ekspor riil dan dianalisis menggunakan model ARCH dan GARCH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga ekspor berfluktuasi dengan rata-rata 114,73 US$/ton, minimum 74,31 US$/ton, dan maksimum 251,45 US$/ton. Uji Lagrange Multiplier menunjukkan adanya efek ARCH (nilai LM = 70,102; p-value = 0,000). Model ARCH menghasilkan koefisien yang signifikan (a1 = 1,055; p<0,05), sedangkan koefisien GARCH tidak signifikan (0,107; p>0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas harga lebih dipengaruhi oleh shock jangka pendek dan tidak bersifat persisten, sehingga model ARCH dipilih sebagai model terbaik.; Wood pellets (HS 440131) are a renewable energy commodity that has experienced rapid growth in global trade due to increasing demand for low-carbon energy sources. Indonesia has significant potential for developing this industry, however export prices are subject to fluctuations, creating market uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the volatility of Indonesian wood pellet export prices during 2012–2025 and identify the most suitable volatility model. Monthly time series data were converted into real export prices and analyzed using ARCH and GARCH models. The results show that export prices fluctuated with an average of 114,73 US$/ton, a minimum of 74,31 US$/ton, and a maximum of 251,45 US$/ton. The Lagrange Multiplier test confirmed the presence of ARCH effects (LM statistic = 70,102; p-value = 0,000). The ARCH model produced a significant coefficient (a1 = 1,055; p < 0,05), while the GARCH coefficient was not significant (0,107; p> 0,05). These findings indicate that price volatility is driven mainly by short-term shocks and is not persistent over time. Therefore, the ARCH model was identified as the most appropriate model for explaining the volatility of Indonesian wood pellet export prices.

Sifat Anatomi dan Penentuan Titik Demarkasi Kayu Juvenil dan Kayu Dewasa pada Tiga Kualitas Mutu Jati

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Sifat Anatomi dan Penentuan Titik Demarkasi Kayu Juvenil dan Kayu Dewasa pada Tiga Kualitas Mutu Jati Zidane, Muhammad Akbar Jati (Tectona grandis Linn. f) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu paling diminati di Indonesia. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan kayu jati ditentukan oleh pemahaman kayu juvenil serta batas peralihannya ke kayu dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan titik transisi kayu juvenil ke kayu dewasa pada tiga kualitas kayu jati (jati hara, jati lokal, dan jati industri). Penelitian meliputi penentuan proporsi kayu teras, kerapatan, analisis anatomi, serta penentuan titik demarkasi kayu juvenil dan dewasa melalui pendekatan panjang serat dan sudut mikrofibril (MFA) dari empulur sampai kulit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kayu teras dari jati hara sebesar 91,05%, jati lokal 84,42%, dan jati industri 56,59%. Nilai kerapatan rata-rata berturut-turut sebesar 0,79 g/cm³; 0,70 g/cm³; dan 0,75 g/cm³. Secara anatomi, ketiga kualitas jati memiliki karakteristik relatif sama. Perbedaannya terutama terlihat dari warna penampang kayu dan diameter pori-pori kayu. Analisis panjang serat masing masing mutu kualitas kayu hara, lokal, dan industri menunjukkan kayu dewasa mulai terbentuk pada segmen 15, segmen 22, dan segmen 20. Sementara analisis MFA berturut-turut menunjukkan kayu dewasa mulai terbentuk pada segmen 17, segmen 24, dan segmen 22.; Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) is one of the most popular use of wood in Indonesia. The optimal utilization of teak wood is determined by an understanding of juvenile wood and its transition point to mature wood. This research aims to determine the transition point from juvenile to mature wood across three teak wood qualities (hara teak, local teak, and industrial teak). The research includes the determination of the proportion of heartwood, wood density, anatomical analysis, and identification of the demarcation point using fiber length and microfibril angle from the pith to the bark. The results showed that the percentage of heartwood was 91.05% for Hara, 84.42% for local, and 56.59% for industrial. The average density values were 0.79 g/cm³, 0.70 g/cm³, and 0.75 g/cm³, respectively. Anatomically, the three teak qualities share relatively similar characteristics; differences can be observed in the wood cross-section color and pore diameter. Analysis of fiber length for each quality grade hara, local, and industrial shows that mature wood begins to form in segments 15, 22, and 20. Subsequently, MFA analysis indicates that mature wood begins to form in segments 17, 24, and 22.