http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/7470 Undergraduate Theses on Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences 2026-07-08T07:28:04Z http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174171 Optimasi Metode Isolasi Gen amyS Penyandi a-Amilase dari Bacillus paralicheniformis ATCC 12759 FITRIANI, TASYA Bakteri pembentuk endospora dikenal sebagai penghasil enzim termostabil, termasuk a-amilase termostabil yang banyak digunakan dalam industri berbasis pati. Sebanyak 60% produksi a-amilase dihasilkan oleh genus Bacillus. Namun, penggunaan bakteri native dalam industri membutuhkan energi besar, sehingga diperlukan teknologi DNA rekombinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi proses isolasi gen meliputi isolasi DNA genom hingga konfirmasi urutan nukleotida gen amyS dari B. paralicheniformis ATCC 12759 melalui sekuensing Sanger. Gen a-amilase diisolasi menggunakan metode PCR dengan sepasang primer spesifik, yaitu amyS_F1 (5`-ATGAAACAACACAAACGGC-3`) dan amyS_R1 (5`-CTATCTTTGAACATAGATCGAAACC-3`). DNA genom menunjukkan hasil optimum setelah penambahan volume proteinase K, tanpa inkubasi setelah isopropanol, dan buffer TE bersuhu 25 ? untuk resuspensi DNA. Sementara itu, isolasi gen amyS tervisualisasikan dengan pita tunggal ukuran sekitar 1,5 kb pada konsentrasi cetakan DNA 25 ng dan suhu annealing 54,7 ?. Konfirmasi hasil amplifikasi gen menunjukkan urutan nukleotida memiliki tingkat kesamaan 100% dengan gen amyS referensi.; Endospore-forming bacteria are recognized as producers of thermostable enzymes, including thermostable a-amylase which is widely used in starch-based industries. Approximately 60% of a-amylase production is derived from the genus Bacillus. However, the use of native bacteria in industrial applications requires high energy consumption; therefore, recombinant DNA technology is necessary. This study aimed to optimize the gene isolation process, from genomic DNA extraction to nucleotide sequence confirmation of the amyS gene from B. paralicheniformis ATCC 12759 through Sanger sequencing. The a-amylase gene was isolated using the PCR method with a pair of specific primers, namely amyS_F1 (5`-ATGAAACAACACAAACGGC-3`) and amyS_R1 (5`-CTATCTTGAACATAGATCGAAACC-3`). Genomic DNA yielded optimum results following the addition of proteinase K, precipitation with cold isopropanol without an incubation, and dissolution using TE buffer at 25 ?. Meanwhile, isolation of the amyS gene was visualized as a single band of approximately 1,5 kb at a DNA template concentration 25 ng and an annealing temperature of 54,7 ?. Confirmation of the gene amplification product revealed that the nucleotide sequence exhibited 100% identity to the reference amyS gene sequence. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174105 Identifikasi dan Interaksi Molekuler Senyawa Bioaktif Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap Reseptor Xantin Oksidase In Silico Mediartha, I Ketut Hiperurisemia dipicu oleh aktivitas berlebih dari enzim xantin oksidase menyebabkan penyakit kardiovaskular yang parah. Ekstrak etanol dan air buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) diketahui mampu menekan sintesis asam urat, namun mekanisme molekulernya masih belum diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif dari buah pare (NusaFarm) dan mengevaluasi interaksi molekulernya terhadap reseptor xantin oksidase (PDB ID: 1FIQ) secara in silico. Metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% dan analisis LC-HRMS berhasil menganotasi 132 senyawa yang didominasi oleh asam karboksilat, tanpa adanya senyawa penciri utama. Senyawa penciri minor yang terdeteksi meliputi coumarin dan benzaldehyde. Uji bioavailabilitas, ADME, prediksi toksisitas, serta penapisan virtual (?Gbind and Kd) dievaluasi dengan membandingkannya terhadap asam salisilat dan allopurinol. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan tiga senyawa tidak toksik, namun senyawa dengan interaksi molekuler dan afinitas terbaik coumarin tetap divisualisasikan sebagai senyawa penuntun. Senyawa 4-Nitroaniline menunjukkan interaksi molekuler dan afinitas baik terhadap reseptor 1FIQ dengan nilai ?Gbind sebesar-6,6790 kkal/mol dan nilai Kd sebesar 8,8436 µM.; Hyperuricemia triggered by the overactivity of the xanthine oxidase enzyme, leads to severe cardiovascular diseases. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) suppress uric acid synthesis, yet its molecular mechanism remains unexplored. This study identified the bioactive compounds from bitter gourd (NusaFarm) and evaluated their molecular interactions with the xanthine oxidase (PDB ID: 1FIQ) receptor in silico. Maceration using 96% ethanol followed by LC-HRMS analysis successfully annotated 132 compounds, predominantly carboxylic acids, with no major marker compounds detected. Minor marker compounds detected included coumarin and benzaldehyde. Bioavailability, ADME, toxicity prediction, and virtual screening (?Gbind and Kd) were evaluated and compared them against salicylic acid and allopurinol. Screening results revealed three non-toxic compounds; however, coumarin — which exhibited the best molecular interaction and affinity — was still visualized as a lead compound. 4-Nitroaniline demonstrated strong molecular interaction and good affinity toward the 1FIQ receptor, with a ?Gbind value of 6,6790 kcal/mol and a Kd value of 8,8436 µM. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174101 Proyeksi Suhu Permukaan Laut Menggunakan Pendekatan Statistical Downscaling dengan Luaran Model GCM di WPPNRI 712 Indonesia Fauziyyah, Adetriati Perairan WPPNRI 712 (Laut Jawa) merupakan zona perikanan strategis yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan suhu permukaan laut (SPL), namun resolusi model sirkulasi umum global CMIP6 (~100 km) tidak memadai untuk kajian iklim regional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan, mengevaluasi, dan membandingkan proyeksi SPL harian beresolusi ~5 km di WPPNRI 712 hingga tahun 2100 menggunakan metode downscaling statistik Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM) dan Asynchronous Linear Regression (ALR) terhadap tiga model GCM CMIP6 pada skenario emisi SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, dan SSP5-8.5, dengan data referensi NASA MUR SST v4.1 sebagai kalibrasi (2003-2014) dan validasi out-of-sample (2015-2019). Evaluasi kuantitatif menunjukkan ALR menghasilkan performa ensemble yang lebih baik dibandingkan QDM, dengan RMSE musiman ensemble 0,188°C dan korelasi musiman 0,972. Proyeksi ALR memperlihatkan kenaikan SPL rata-rata domain sebesar +0,119°C/dekade (SSP1-2.6), +0,228°C/dekade (SSP2-4.5), dan +0,431°C/dekade (SSP5-8.5), dengan anomali pemanasan akhir abad (2071-2100) rata-rata +2,66°C pada SSP5-8.5. Distribusi pemanasan tidak seragam secara spasial, dengan intensitas tertinggi di bagian barat domain. Siklus musiman bimodal yang dikontrol monsun Indo-Australia tetap terjaga strukturnya, namun SPL minimum Agustus diproyeksikan melampaui 31°C pada SSP5-8.5, mengindikasikan hilangnya termal refugia yang kritis bagi ekosistem dan perikanan WPPNRI 712.; WPPNRI 712 (Java Sea) is a strategic fisheries zone highly sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) change, however, the spatial resolution of CMIP6 global climate models (~100 km) is inadequate for regional climate assessment. This study aimed to produce, evaluate, and compare high resolution (~5 km) daily SST projections for WPPNRI 712 through 2100 using statistical downscaling methods Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM) and Asynchronous Linear Regression (ALR) applied to three CMIP6 GCMs under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios, with NASA MUR SST v4.1 as calibration (2003-2014) and out-of-sample validation (2015-2019) reference. Quantitative evaluation showed ALR achieved superior ensemble performance over QDM, with seasonal RMSE of 0.188°C and seasonal correlation of 0.972. ALR projections indicate domain-averaged warming rates of +0.119°C/decade (SSP1-2.6), +0.228°C/decade (SSP2-4.5), and +0.431°C/decade (SSP5-8.5), with late-century (2071-2100) mean warming anomaly of +2.66°C under SSP5-8.5. Warming is spatially non-uniform, with the highest intensity in the western domain. The Indo-Australian monsoon-driven bimodal seasonal cycle is structurally preserved; however, August minimum SST is projected to exceed 31°C under SSP5-8.5, indicating the loss of the thermal refugia critical to the ecosystems and fisheries of WPPNRI 712. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174041 Pengembangan Indeks Risiko Serangan Hama Wereng (Nilaparvata Lugens) Pada Tanaman Padi Berbasis Data Cuaca NURLANI, SITI Wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens) merupakan salah satu hama utama pada tanaman padi yang keberadaannya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi cuaca, terutama suhu udara, kelembapan relatif, dan curah hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan indeks risiko serangan wereng berbasis data cuaca serta memvalidasinya menggunakan data luas serangan di Kabupaten Subang. Data cuaca harian dan data luas serangan wereng periode 2015 2025 dianalisis menggunakan metode skoring berbasis ambang ekologis. Setiap parameter cuaca dikonversi menjadi skor parsial, kemudian diintegrasikan menjadi indeks risiko harian yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam beberapa tingkat risiko. Validasi dilakukan melalui analisis regresi linear sederhana antara rasio frekuensi kejadian risiko dengan luas serangan wereng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi suhu hangat, kelembapan rendah, dan curah hujan minimal meningkatkan risiko perkembangan wereng. Hubungan positif antara frekuensi kejadian risiko dan luas serangan diperoleh pada kedua musim tanam dengan nilai koefisien determinasi yang tergolong kuat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks risiko berbasis data cuaca mampu merepresentasikan dinamika serangan wereng dan berpotensi mendukung sistem peringatan dini serta pengendalian hama yang lebih preventif dan berbasis data. Kata kunci: data cuaca, indeks risiko, sistem peringatan dini, wereng batang coklat, luas serangan; The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the major pests affecting rice production, whose population dynamics are strongly influenced by weather conditions, particularly air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. This study aimed to develop a weather-based risk index for brown planthopper infestation and validate it using infestation area data in Subang Regency. Daily weather data and brown planthopper infestation data from 2015 2025 were analyzed using an ecological threshold-based scoring method. Each weather parameter was converted into a partial score and integrated into a daily risk index classified into several risk levels. Validation was conducted using simple linear regression analysis between the frequency ratio of risk occurrence and the infestation area. The results showed that warm temperatures, low relative humidity, and minimal rainfall increased the risk of brown planthopper development. A positive relationship was observed between the frequency of risk occurrence and infestation area during both planting seasons, with relatively strong coefficients of determination. These findings indicate that the developed weather-based risk index was able to represent brown planthopper infestation dynamics and has the potential to support an early warning system and more preventive, data-driven pest management strategies. Keywords: brown planthopper, early warning system, infestation area, risk index, weather data. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z