DF - Forestry

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BISNIS PRODUK BIOMASSA BERBASIS HUTAN TANAMAN ENERGI PERUM PERHUTANI

2026-07-10T08:41:34Z

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BISNIS PRODUK BIOMASSA BERBASIS HUTAN TANAMAN ENERGI PERUM PERHUTANI Hendrasetiafitri, Citasari The global economic paradigm shift toward a green economy and decarbonization requires every country, including Indonesia, to transform its energy and natural resource management sectors. Dependence on fossil fuels creates severe environmental pressures. The energy transition process in Indonesia demands renewable energy sources that are non-intermittent. In the face of global energy transition challenges and the growing need for low-carbon energy sources, developing an integrated upstream–downstream biomass business becomes a key strategy to strengthen energy security and achieve a greener economy. Biomass, as a renewable energy source with low life-cycle emissions (as determined by Life Cycle Assessment), holds significant market potential—both in the international export market (Japan and South Korea) and in the domestic market through the coal co-firing program in power plants. Perhutani is a forest holding State-Owned Enterprise managing state forests in Indonesia, has a strategic responsibility not only to maintain forest sustainability but also to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable business ventures. The idea of developing a biomass business represents one of the diversification efforts aimed at enhancing revenue streams. High levels of social conflict and the dominance of long-rotation timber species have led to low land productivity due to long investment return periods. The state forests managed by Perhutani are categorized as Common Pool Resources (CPRs)—shared resources characterized by non-excludability and subtractability. Without strong institutional frameworks, CPRs are prone to overexploitation, leading to the depletion of natural resources. Through a multibusiness forestry (MUK) approach and collaboration with local forest communities, Perhutani plays a vital role in creating fair benefit-sharing mechanisms, preserving ecological sustainability, and ensuring economic and social efficiency in forest resource utilization. The broad biomass market opportunity—both export and domestic (co-firing)—alongside participation in renewable energy development, has shifted the company’s portfolio from longterm crops such as teak, pine, and mahogany toward short- to medium-term energy crops. Biomass business development is thus regarded as an environmentally friendly venture aligned with sustainable forest management principles, emphasizing the 3Ps: Planet, Profit, and People. Indonesia’s wood pellet biomass products exhibit strong comparative advantage (DRC and DRCR < 1), yet their competitive advantage in international markets remains limited (RCA for 2016–2023 is generally < 1). Export Product Dynamic (EPD) analysis places Indonesia in a ‘rising star’ position, reflecting export market share growth alongside increasing global demand, albeit still lagging behind Vietnam. This indicates significant potential to enhance competitiveness to a level comparable with Vietnam and Malaysia, particularly through the development of an integrated upstream–downstream biomass industry (HTE–plant) to improve supply continuity, product quality, supply chain efficiency, and economies of scale. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analysis— particularly CO2 emissions—based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) shows that biomass feedstock in the form of woodchips emits 228 g CO2/kWh, which is four times lower than coal (70% of emissions originate from industrial processing due to electricity sourced from coal-fired plants). Economically, the production cost of biomass—around IDR 995.000/ton—is higher than PLN’s maximum benchmark price (IDR 775.000/ton). Therefore, fiscal policy intervention is required, including increasing the carbon tax from IDR 30.000/ton CO2eq to at least USD 10/ton CO2 eq, part of which can be allocated as green incentives. From a policy perspective, Indonesia’s energy policy has yet to reflect synchronization between ambitious transition targets and practical implementation instruments. Fiscal incentives, pricing policies, and cross-sectoral regulations have not fully supported the acceleration of renewable energy utilization, particularly forest-based biomass from HTE. One key barrier lies in coal subsidies through the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) policy, the limited economic value of carbon, and overlapping regulations between the energy and forestry sectors that hinder green investment. Therefore, harmonizing cross-ministerial policies emphasizing efficiency, sustainability, and economic equity—through carbonbased energy pricing and strengthened carbon-market mechanisms—is urgently needed. The biomass development process in Perhutani, as a new business (new product development), adopts Burrow’s (2008) New Product Development Theory. The go or not go decision regarding biomass business based on HTE is determined through three main stages: creating product ideas, designing new products, and producing new products. Each stage is evaluated in terms of technical, market, economic, and institutional feasibility to determine whether the biomass project should proceed (go) or be discontinued (not go). Research findings show that overall, this business development falls under the go category, meeting criteria such as: (a) Technical feasibility, including sustainable HTE feedstock supply and environmental benefits (emission reduction up to four times lower than coal); (b) Strong domestic and export market potential—particularly to Japan and South Korea—enhancing Perhutani’s biomass commercialization prospects. However, from an economic standpoint, biomass co-firing prices and related policy frameworks remain conditionally since PLN’s highest purchase price (HPT) is still below the biomass economic price. Moreover, policy gaps in the energy sector continue to hinder competitiveness, especially for renewable energy derived from biomass. In conclusion, vertical integration of the biomass business, the application of the MUK approach, and effective CPRs governance form the essential foundation for achieving sustainable forestry systems, enhancing land value, promoting a circular economy, generating economic value for both the company and forest communities, and supporting Indonesia’s Net Zero Emission 2060 target. Keywords: biomass, cofiring, CPRs, energy plantation forest, multi-forestry enterprise

STRATEGI DAN INOVASI MODEL BISNIS BIOEKONOMI SIRKULAR PADA RANTAI NILAI KEHUTANAN BERBASIS KAYU DI INDONESIA

2026-07-09T06:13:49Z

STRATEGI DAN INOVASI MODEL BISNIS BIOEKONOMI SIRKULAR PADA RANTAI NILAI KEHUTANAN BERBASIS KAYU DI INDONESIA Yuniati, Dhany Penelitian ini berangkat dari tantangan perubahan iklim, deplesi sumber daya alam, dan peningkatan limbah yang menuntut transformasi menuju sistem ekonomi yang lebih sirkular, regeneratif, dan berkelanjutan. Sektor kehutanan memiliki peran strategis karena menyediakan biomassa kayu sekaligus jasa ekosistem seperti karbon, air, biodiversitas, dan manfaat sosial-budaya. Namun, penciptaan nilai masih dominan bertumpu pada kayu, sementara jasa ekosistem belum banyak terinternalisasi dalam model bisnis. Di sisi hilir, industri furnitur kayu berbasis Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) juga menghadapi inefisiensi material, limbah produksi, keterbatasan teknologi, dan model bisnis linear. Gap utama penelitian ini adalah terbatasnya kajian bioekonomi sirkular yang menghubungkan pengelolaan hutan negara dan industri furnitur kayu dalam satu kerangka hulu–hilir. Kajian yang ada masih banyak berfokus pada biomassa dan efisiensi material, sedangkan integrasi jasa ekosistem, model bisnis, strategi operasional, dan dinamika transisi industri belum banyak dikaji secara terpadu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan kerangka transisi bioekonomi sirkular pada rantai nilai kehutanan berbasis kayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus multipel pada tingkat sistem dan operasional. Lokasi penelitian mencakup sektor hulu di Perum Perhutani, khususnya Divisi Regional Jawa Tengah dan KPH Randublatung, serta sektor hilir di sentra industri furnitur UMKM Kabupaten Jepara. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, diskusi pemangku kepentingan, dan analisis dokumen. Analisis dilakukan dengan memadukan pendekatan jasa ekosistem, spektrum insentif, aktor–jaringan–sistem informasi, prinsip Circular Bioeconomy Alliance, Multi Level Perspective (MLP)-SWOT, EcoCanvas, Material Flow Analysis, dan strategi bioekonomi sirkular. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bioekonomi sirkular kehutanan berbasis kayu tidak hanya berkaitan dengan efisiensi biomassa, tetapi juga kemampuan menghubungkan pengelolaan hutan, jasa ekosistem, aliran material, model bisnis, dan strategi operasional. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kerangka dua loop, yaitu loop nilai dan loop material. Loop nilai menekankan penerjemahan nilai jasa hutan menjadi insentif yang dikembalikan untuk memperkuat pengelolaan hutan. Loop material menekankan upaya mempertahankan nilai biomassa kayu melalui efisiensi, pemanfaatan limbah, cascading use, reuse, recycle, dan simbiosis industri. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menawarkan strategi transisi bioekonomi sirkular hulu–hilir untuk memperkuat keberlanjutan, daya saing, dan nilai tambah sektor kehutanan berbasis kayu di Indonesia.

Integrasi Ekologi dan Teknologi Konservasi Kodok Merah (Leptophryne cruentata) di Pegunungan Tropis Indonesia

2026-07-01T08:51:45Z

Integrasi Ekologi dan Teknologi Konservasi Kodok Merah (Leptophryne cruentata) di Pegunungan Tropis Indonesia Tohir, Rizki Kurnia Kodok merah (Leptophryne cruentata) merupakan amfibi endemik Jawa yang berstatus dilindungi di Indonesia dan dikategorikan Critically Endangered dalam IUCN Red List. Sebarannya terbatas pada dua kantong populasi utama, yaitu Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) dan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Meskipun memiliki status keterancaman tinggi, penelitian mengenai spesies ini masih terbatas dan sebagian informasi masih berasal dari catatan perjumpaan, laporan teknis, serta literatur abu-abu. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan informasi mengenai bioekologi, demografi, dan distribusi spasial kodok merah belum cukup untuk mendukung kegiatan konservasi berbasis data lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis ekologi habitat dan perilaku, mengestimasi populasi berbasis pengenalan individu, serta memodelkan distribusi dan proyeksi ancaman perubahan iklim. Kajian ekologi habitat dilakukan pada 11 lokasi di TNGGP yang mewakili sungai, air terjun-sungai, dan aliran rawa. Rentang elevasi utama hasil observasi berada pada 1281–1892 mdpl, dengan laporan tambahan pada 2089 mdpl, sekitar 260 m dari sumber air terdekat. Kodok merah memanfaatkan air terjun, sungai besar, sungai sedang, sungai kecil, rawa atau paparan banjir, serta rembesan dinding tebing. Habitat memiliki tutupan kanopi rapat dengan rentang 67-100%, lebar aliran 0,50-7,00 m, kedalaman aliran 1-80 cm, arus 0,40-0,80 m/s. Mikroklimat habitat relatif sejuk dan lembap, dengan suhu udara siang 18,51 ± 1,36 °C, suhu udara malam 17,63 ± 1,23 °C, kelembapan siang 92,38 ± 6,78%, kelembapan malam 92,56 ± 7,00%, suhu air siang 18,43 ± 1,79 °C, dan suhu air malam 17,83 ± 1,34 °C. Fluktuasi mikroklimatik pada mikrohabitat kodok merah teridentifikasi rendah. Pola aktivitas kodok merah berlangsung pada malam dan siang hari. Data waktu aktif mencatat 550 penemuan pada malam hari dan 348 penemuan pada siang hari. Suhu tubuh relatif stabil, yaitu 16,9 ± 0,9 °C pada malam hari dan 17,2 ± 1,0 °C pada siang hari, serta 17,0 ± 1,0 °C pada jantan dan betina. Hal ini didukung stabilitas mikroklimatik habitat kodok merah. Penggunaan ruang menunjukkan preferensi terhadap aliran berjeram sebanyak 558 individu, diikuti aliran kecil 289 individu dan aliran sedang 51 individu, dengan Cohen’s w sebesar 0,69. Perbedaan penggunaan ruang antara jantan dan betina ditemukan pada tipologi perairan dan substrat. Perilaku reproduksi ditunjukkan melalui vokalisasi jantan pada siang dan malam hari, dua tipe panggilan pada rentang frekuensi 3,7–4,1 kHz, tiga pasangan ampleksus, serta temuan betina gravid, telur, berudu, dan tahapan metamorfosis. Analisis morfometrik menunjukkan bahwa 898 individu tervalidasi terdiri atas 637 jantan dan 261 betina, dengan seks rasio gabungan 2,44:1. Individu betina memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar daripada jantan, dengan bobot 2,47 ± 0,63 g dibandingkan 1,17 ± 0,31 g pada jantan. SVL betina juga lebih panjang, yaitu 3,2 ± 0,3 cm dibandingkan 2,47 ± 0,2 cm pada jantan. Hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan bobot tubuh maupun SVL tergolong sangat kuat, masing-masing dengan r = 0,81 dan r = 0,82. Variasi fenotipik terdiri atas enam komposisi warna, yaitu merah, oranye, merah-kuning, hitam, keabuan, dan kuning. Pola dorsal memperlihatkan enam konfigurasi utama, dengan dominasi pola ‘O’ sebesar 67% dan pola ‘V’ sebesar 50%. Pengenalan individu berbasis Photo-ID pada 886 citra menghasilkan 701 individu unik. Sebanyak 558 individu tertangkap satu kali, sedangkan 143 individu tertangkap kembali, dengan tingkat tangkapan kembali 20,40% dan nilai akurasi top-1 97,90%. Kelimpahan relatif gabungan tercatat sebesar 16,46 ± 14,56 individu/100 m. Nilai kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan pada Aliran Jembatan Rawa Gayonggong 2, Sungai Cimisblung 2, dan Curug Cibeureum 3. Estimasi populasi berbasis CMR menghasilkan taksiran total populasi kodok merah di TNGGP sebesar 1430 individu dengan CI 95%: 1.155–1.876. Teridentifikasi 7 metapopulasi kodok merah sebagai lokasi dengan potensi dispersal dengan estimasi populasi paling tinggi terdapat pada metapopulasi 3, 1, dan 2. Hasil pemodelan distribusi saat ini menunjukkan bahwa habitat dengan kesesuaian tinggi di TNGGP hanya seluas 902 ha atau 4% dari wilayah TNGGP. Variabel jarak dari sungai menjadi prediktor terpenting, diikuti elevasi dan temperature seasonality. Proyeksi perubahan iklim periode 2081–2100 menunjukkan kontraksi habitat pada skenario mitigasi (SSP1-2.6) maupun Business as Usual (BAU/SSP5-8.5). Habitat dengan kesesuaian tinggi menyusut dari 1906 ha menjadi 946 ha pada skenario mitigasi dan menjadi 585 ha pada skenario BAU. Peta biner dengan habitat yang sesuai turun dari 2204 ha menjadi 1933 ha pada skenario mitigasi dan 1342 ha pada skenario BAU. Pusat sebaran elevasi habitat berada pada 1723 mdpl pada kondisi saat ini, naik menjadi 1750 mdpl pada skenario mitigasi, dan turun menjadi 1529 mdpl pada skenario BAU. Pola downslope shift pada skenario BAU menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian habitat masa depan lebih berkaitan dengan refugia mikroklimatik di lembah riparian daripada elevasi. Analisis AOO dan EOO pada lanskap TNGGP dan TNGHS menghasilkan EOO sebesar 418 km² dan AOO sebesar 64 km² dari 16 grid berukuran 2×2 km. Grid tersebut terdiri atas 11 grid di TNGGP dan 5 grid di TNGHS. Proyeksi kehilangan habitat kumulatif pada skenario SSP5-8.5 mencapai 80,68%, dengan penurunan 69,30% di TNGGP dan 86,05% di TNGHS berdasarkan pendekatan ekstrapolasi proporsional. Hasil ini mendukung kebutuhan re-assessment IUCN Red List, dengan Kriteria A3c mengarah pada Critically Endangered, sedangkan Kriteria B dan C lebih mengarah pada Endangered. Secara umum, konservasi kodok merah memerlukan perlindungan jejaring habitat perairan pegunungan, pemantauan populasi berbasis Photo-ID dan CMR, serta antisipasi kehilangan habitat akibat perubahan iklim. Habitat yang perlu diprioritaskan mencakup jejaring koridor hidrologis habitat kodok merah. Lembah riparian sisi timur TNGGP yang diproyeksikan tetap memiliki kesesuaian habitat pada skenario perubahan iklim perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai refugia mikroklimatik. Hasil penelitian juga mendukung beberapa kegiatan dalam SRAK Kodok Leptophryne Indonesia 2021–2030, terutama penyediaan data ekologi dan pemantauan populasi serta habitat.; The bleeding toad (Leptophryne cruentata) is an endemic amphibian and the only amphibian species legally protected in Indonesia. It is also listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The species is currently known from two main population areas: Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) and Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). Despite its high threat status, research on this species remains limited, and current knowledge is still largely based on encounter records, technical reports, and grey literature. Consequently, information on the bioecology, demography, and spatial distribution of the bleeding toad remains insufficient to support field-based conservation actions. This study aimed to analyse habitat ecology and behaviour, estimate population size through individual recognition, and model the species’ distribution under current and future climate scenarios. The habitat ecology study was conducted at 11 sites in TNGGP. The main elevational range recorded during field observations was 1,281–1,892 m a.s.l., with an additional record at 2,089 m a.s.l., approximately 260 m from the nearest water source. The bleeding toad used waterfalls, large rivers, medium-sized rivers, small streams, swamps or floodplain areas, and seepages on cliff walls. Occupied habitats had canopy cover ranging from 67% to 100%, stream widths of 0.50–7.00 m, water depths of 1–80 cm, and current velocities of 0.40–0.80 m/s. Habitat microclimates were generally cool and humid, with daytime air temperature of 18.51 ± 1.36 °C, night-time air temperature of 17.63 ± 1.23 °C, daytime humidity of 92.38 ± 6.78%, night-time humidity of 92.56 ± 7.00%, daytime water temperature of 18.43 ± 1.79 °C, and night-time water temperature of 17.83 ± 1.34 °C. Activity was recorded both during the day and at night. A total of 550 encounters were recorded at night and 348 during the day. Body temperature remained relatively stable, averaging 16.9 ± 0.9 °C at night and 17.2 ± 1.0 °C during the day, and 17.0 ± 1.0 °C in both males and females. Spatial use indicated a preference for riffle streams, where 558 individuals were recorded, followed by small streams with 289 individuals and medium-sized streams with 51 individuals. Cohen’s w for this pattern was 0.69. Differences in spatial use between males and females were found in waterbody typology and substrate. Reproductive behaviour was indicated by male vocalisations during both day and night, two call types within a frequency range of 3.7–4.1 kHz, three pairs observed in amplexus, and the presence of gravid females, eggs, tadpoles, and metamorphs. Morphometric analysis of 898 validated individuals identified 637 males and 261 females, giving an overall sex ratio of 2.44:1. Females were larger than males, with body mass averaging 2.47 ± 0.63 g compared with 1.17 ± 0.31 g in males. Female SVL was also longer, at 3.2 ± 0.3 cm, compared with 2.47 ± 0.2 cm in males. The relationships between sex and both body mass and SVL were very strong, with r = 0.81 and r = 0.82, respectively. Phenotypic variation consisted of six colour compositions: red, orange, red-yellow, black, greyish, and yellow. Dorsal patterns showed six main configurations, with the ‘O’ pattern recorded in 67% of individuals and the ‘V’ pattern in 50%. Photo-ID-based individual recognition using 886 images identified 701 unique individuals. A total of 558 individuals were recorded only once, while 143 individuals were recaptured, resulting in a recapture rate of 20.40%, with a top-1 accuracy of 97.90%. Overall relative abundance was 16.46 ± 14.56 individuals/100 m. The highest abundance values were recorded at Aliran Jembatan Rawa Gayonggong 2, Sungai Cimisblung 2, and Curug Cibeureum 3. CMR-based population estimation produced a total estimated population of 1,430 bleeding toads in TNGGP, with a 95% CI of 1,155–1,876 individuals. Seven metapopulations were identified as locations with dispersal potential, with the highest population estimates found in metapopulations 3, 1, and 2. Current distribution modelling showed that highly suitable habitat in TNGGP covered only 902 ha, equivalent to 4% of the park area. Distance from rivers was the most important predictor, followed by elevation and temperature seasonality. Climate change projections for 2081–2100 indicated habitat contraction under both the mitigation scenario (SSP1-2.6) and the business-as-usual scenario (BAU/SSP5-8.5). Highly suitable habitat declined from 1,906 ha to 946 ha under the mitigation scenario and to 585 ha under the BAU scenario. Suitable binary habitat decreased from 2,204 ha to 1,933 ha under the mitigation scenario and to 1,342 ha under the BAU scenario. The elevational centre of habitat distribution was 1,723 m a.s.l. under current conditions. It shifted upward to 1,750 m a.s.l. under the mitigation scenario and downward to 1,529 m a.s.l. under the BAU scenario. The downslope shift projected under the BAU scenario suggests that future habitat suitability may depend more on microclimatic refugia in riparian valleys than on elevation itself. Analysis of AOO and EOO across the TNGGP and TNGHS landscapes produced an EOO of 418 km² and an AOO of 64 km², based on 16 grids of 2 × 2 km. These comprised 11 grids in TNGGP and five grids in TNGHS. Projected cumulative habitat loss under the SSP5-8.5 scenario reached 80.68%, with declines of 69.30% in TNGGP and 86.05% in TNGHS based on proportional extrapolation. These results support the need for an IUCN Red List reassessment. Criterion A3c towards Critically Endangered, while Criteria B and C are more consistent with Endangered. Overall, conservation of the bleeding toad requires the protection of montane aquatic habitat networks, population monitoring using Photo-ID and CMR, and early anticipation of climate-driven habitat loss. Priority habitats include waterfalls, riffle streams, small streams, shallow swamps, seepages on cliff walls, and the hydrological corridors that connect them. Riparian valleys on the eastern side of TNGGP that are projected to remain suitable under climate change scenarios should be considered potential microclimatic refugia. The findings also support several activities in the Indonesian Leptophryne Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2021–2030, especially by providing ecological data and supporting population and habitat monitoring.

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tekstil dengan Sistem Floating Wetland Menggunakan Tanaman Heliconia psittacorum dan Bakteri-Bentonite Terimobilisasi

2026-02-09T07:13:29Z

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tekstil dengan Sistem Floating Wetland Menggunakan Tanaman Heliconia psittacorum dan Bakteri-Bentonite Terimobilisasi Fadilah, Maisa Nurul Limbah cair tekstil mengandung zat warna dan bahan organik berkonsentrasi tinggi yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan ramah lingkungan adalah sistem floating wetland yang memanfaatkan tanaman dan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertumbuhan Heliconia psittacorum, dinamika bakteri–bentonite terimobilisasi, serta efisiensi penyisihan parameter pencemar limbah cair tekstil. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan pendekatan komparatif deskriptif dengan dua perlakuan, yaitu sistem floating wetland tanpa dan dengan penambahan bakteri–bentonite terimobilisasi. Limbah cair tekstil konsentrasi 10% diolah secara batch selama 6 minggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman, populasi bakteri, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, dan zat warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Heliconia psittacorum mampu tumbuh dengan baik pada sistem floating wetland. Sistem ini mampu meningkatkan pH menjadi netral serta menurunkan COD hingga 71,70%, BOD hingga 38,51%, TSS hingga 84,12%, dan zat warna hingga 39,72%, sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengolahan limbah cair tekstil yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: bakteri terimobilisasi, floating wetland, limbah cair tekstil; Textile wastewater contains high concentrations of dyes and organic materials that have the potential to pollute aquatic environments. One environmentally friendly treatment alternative is a floating wetland system that utilizes plants and microorganism activity. This study aims to analyze the growth of Heliconia psittacorum, the dynamics of immobilized bacteria-bentonite, and the efficiency of removing pollutant parameters from textile wastewater. The study was conducted experimentally with a descriptive comparative approach with two treatments, namely a floating wetland system without and with the addition of immobilized bacteria-bentonite. Textile wastewater with a concentration of 10% was processed in batches for 6 weeks. The parameters observed included plant growth, bacterial population, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and dye. The results showed that Heliconia psittacorum was able to grow well in the floating wetland system. This system was able to increase the pH to neutral and reduce COD by up to 71.70%, BOD by up to 38.51%, TSS by up to 84.12%, and dye by up to 39.72%, thus having the potential to be an effective and sustainable alternative for textile wastewater treatment. Keywords: dye wastewater, floating wetland, immobilized bacteria.