Inventarisasi Penyakit pada Tanaman Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is Indonesian indigenous plant. This spice plant has been spread to several regions in Indonesia which makes this country become the largest nutmeg producer in supplying international nutmeg demand. One of nutmeg production centre in West Java is Bogor Regency. Nowadays, the obstacle in nutmeg production is the low rate productivity of nutmeg plant caused by plant diseases infection. This research is aimed to observe and identify nutmeg diseases in nutmeg cultivation areas located in Pamijahan and Tamansari District, Bogor Regency. The research methods consist of interviewing the farmers, determining location of observation, observing the disease and sample of symptomatic plants, isolating the fungi, identifying the pathogen. As a result, there are ten identified diseases caused by eight genus of fungi. These diseases are dry fruit rot caused by Stigmina myristicae, leaf anthracnose caused by Gloeosporium sp., necrotic spot caused by Cylindrocladium sp., wrinkled fruit caused by Botryodiplodia sp., black spot of yellowish leaf caused by Fusarium sp., wet fruit rot caused by Gloeosporium sp., young leaf spot caused by Nigrospora sp., sooty mold caused by Capnodium sp., dieback caused by Botryodiplodia sp., and pestalotia leaf spot caused by Pestalotia sp. The dominant diseases which can potentially decrease productivity of nutmeg are dry fruit rot with the disease intensity and severity at 65.52% and 34.25%; leaf antrachnose at 63.22% and 18.39%; and necrotic spot at 48.28% and 25.06% respectively.