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      Induksi Keragaman Genetik Tomat Lokal Melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

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      Date
      2015-08
      Author
      Sutjahjo, Surjono H.
      Muttaqin, Kikin H.
      Ekowahyuni, Luluk P.
      Marwiyah, Siti
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      Abstract
      Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma dapat menginduksi peningkatan keragaman genetik tanaman. Keragaman genetik menjadi syarat dalam mencapai keberhasilan seleksi suatu program pemuliaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari perubahan fenotipe generasi mutasi pertama (M1) tomat. Materi genetik terdiri atas 3 genotipe tomat lokal yaitu Ranti, Kudamati 1 dan Lombok 4. Percobaan dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahap yaitu 1) perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma Co60, dengan dosis 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, dan 500 Gy, bertempat di PATlR, BATAN; dan 2) uji fenotipik tomat generasi mutasi pertama (M) di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, terhadap bibit yang masih bertahan pada 3 minggu setelah semai. Perlakuan iradiasi. sinar gamma. dengan Co60 pada dosis 100-500 Gy pada tomat menyebabkan perbedaan daya tumbuh pada genotipe tomat lokal yang diuji. Penampilan tanaman M1 di lapangan menunjukkan perubahan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah buah, dan bobot buah per tanaman dibandingkan kontrol, dan peningkatan keragaman antar individu dalam populasi perlakuan suatu genotipe tomat. Perubahan fenotipe bentuk membujur buah terjadi pada Kudamati 1 (250, 400 dan 500 Gy) dan Lombok 4 pada semua perlakuan taraf dosis iradiasi sinar gamma. Perubahan bentuk ujung buah hanya terjadi pada taraf 250, 350, dan 450 Gy dengan perubahan dari bentuk meruncing menjadi datar.
       
      Treatment of gamma-ray irradiation can induce an increase in the genetic diversity of plants. Genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the success of selection of a breeding program. This study aims to study the phenotypic changes on tomatoes first generation of mutations (M1). Genetic material consists of three local tomato genotypes that Ranti. Kudamati 1 and Lombok 4. The experiment was conducted in two stages: ) Co60 Gamma ray irradiation treatment, with doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy, housed in PATIR, BATAN; and 2) the phenotypic test on tomatoes first generation of mutations (M 1) at the experimental Leuwikopo IPB, to seedlings surviving at 3 weeks after sowing. Irradiated with Co60 gamma rays at doses of 100-500 Gy in tomatoes caused differences grow the seed tomatoes. The performance of M I plants in the field indicate changes in plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant compared to controls, and increased diversity among individuals within populations of each treatment a tomato genotype. Phenotypic changes occur in the form of longitudinal fruit of Kudamati I genotype (250, 400, and 500 Gy) and Lombok 4 genotype in all treatment doses of gamma ray irradiation. Changes in shape of the end fruit only occur at the level 0(250,350, and 450 Gy with a change of tapered shape becomes flat
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/81042
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      • Agronomy and Horticulture [611]

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