Hubungan Keragaman Gen IGF2 dan GHR terhadap Sifat Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Lokal.

Abstract

Local chicken is one of local genetic resources which is potential to be developed as meat producer in Indonesia. Local chicken has some superiority such as adapted in tropic and strong immune system but local chicken still has a weakness which is slow growth. Moleculer technique can be used as one of selection method based on MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) which can be determined by identification of major genes that control growth in chicken such as IGF2 (Insuline-like Growth Factor 2) and GHR (Growth Hormone Receptor) genes. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of IGF2 and GHR genes in some local chicken populations and the association with growth traits in kampung chicken. Research consisted of two steps namely analysis of IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphimsm in some chicken populations and association of IGF2 and GHR genes with growth traits in kampung chicken. A total of 313 head of chickens from nine populations consisted of kampung, pelung, sentul, merawang, commercial meat type and the crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type, commercial meat type-kampung, pelung-sentul, and sentul-kampung chickens were used as DNA resources for polymorphism analysis. A total of 56 head of kampung chickens were used as matery for association analysis. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP method (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fargment Length Polymorphism). The data analysis were genotype frequency, allele frequency, heterozigosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and association of genotype and phenotype using GLM (General Linear Model). Result showed there were TC mutation on IGF2 gene and GA mutation on GHR gene. IGF2 gene in all population was polymorphic. GHR gene was monomorphic in pelung, sentul and the crossbreed of pelung-sentul chickens. IGF2 gene had high heterozigosity in the crossbred of pelung-sentul, kampung and crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type whereas there was no population with high heterozigosity on GHR gene. The association analysis showed there was no association between IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphism with growth traits in kampung chicken.