Analisis Situasi Masalah Kurang Energi Kronik pada Ibu Hamil di Indonesia.

Abstract

Improving the quality of human resources is the main pillar for development, because of the quality of human resources will determine the progress of a nation. The quality of human resources, among others, mirrored by health status, which is determined by the quality of the woman's pregnancy.In this period of pregnant women in dire need of balanced nutrition, good health and correctly in order to pass through a phase of pregnancy optimally. Pregnancy is always associated with the physiological changes that result in an increase in the volume of fluid and red blood cells and a decrease in the concentration of nutrient-binding proteins in the blood circulation, as well as a decrease in micronutrients. When a pregnant woman eating, then in fact there are two bodies that must be fulfilled the need for nutrients, the body of the mother and fetus are always growing and developing. The gestation period is a period of growth and development of the fetus toward the birth so that the nutritional disorder that occurs during pregnancy will impact the health of the mother of the fetus. Some maternal malnutrition during pregnancy include Chronic energy deficiency. Chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a condition in which women experience chronic food shortages lasting (chronic) resulting in impaired - maternal health disorders with signs or symptoms include weakness and pallor (Depkes RI 2003). Based on the results of Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, iron deficiency anemia is a public health problem with a prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-49 years at 24.2%. Some provinces showed higher prevalence of national, such as Central Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua and NTT with a prevalence of 45%. (Balitbangkes 2013). Indonesia proportion of the population aged 10-54 years who were pregnant in Indonesia was 2.68 percent, in urban areas (2.8%) higher than in rural areas (2.55%). Different patterns of pregnancy by age group and place of residence. Among the female population aged 10-54 years, there is a pregnancy at a very young age (<15 years), albeit with a very small proportion (0.02%), mainly in rural areas (0.03%). The proportion of pregnancies in teens (15-19 years) was 1.97 per cent, rural (2.71%) higher than in urban areas (1.28%). (Balitbangkes 2013).Specifically, this research aims as follows: (1) Identify the characteristics of pregnant women based in rural, urban and island regions (2) to analyze the prevalence of CED in pregnant women (3) analyze the relationship between the characteristics of pregnant women with CED in rural and urban areas (4) Analyze the determinant CED in pregnant women in rural and urban areas (5) analyze the relationship between the characteristics of pregnant women with CED various islands in Indonesia (6) to analyze the determinants of CED in pregnant women various islands in Indonesia. The data used in this research is secondary data from the Health Research in 2013 (Riskesdas 2013). Riskesdas is a cross-sectional survey design to describe the health problems of the Indonesian population as a whole. The population in this analysis are all pregnant women in Indonesia, which has been recorded by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The samples used were pregnant women who had complete data in the electronic file. The total number of samples in this study were 5643 people. Processing and analysis of data in this study using the software Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS version 19.0. Data processing is done on the characteristics of pregnant women (nutritional status, maternal age, gestational age, spacing of pregnancy, number of pregnancies, employment status, education level, consumption of iron tablet, antenatal care and shelter. Univariate analysis conducted to obtain a picture of the distribution and frequency of different variables studied. Testing the relationship between variables used Chi square test. Tests to determine the determinant factors KEK done biniar multiple regression analysis with stepwise method. The prevalence of pregnant women with chronic energy malnutrition status that is 20.7% urban, 26% rural, urban and rural total of 23.4%. Most of the samples have a place to stay in rural areas. CED pregnant women mostly in rural areas. The highest proportion of maternal education level is primary education. Most pregnant women are housewives who are not working. The number of pregnant women who are at risk of pregnancy distances well in urban and rural areas are not much different that each of 18.9 in urban areas and 18.1 in rural areas. Based on statistical test, maternal age, number of pregnancies, and antenatal care have a relationship with KEK in urban areas (p <0.05). Whereas the other variables there are no real relationship. Rural areas, CED associated significantly with maternal age, pregnancy spacing, and level of education. While the other variable is not significant relationship. CED relations and other variables according to the division of the island has a difference. Sumatra Island, KEK associated with the number of pregnancies. Java Island CED associated with the number of pregnancies. The island of Bali and Nusra, CED berhubungn the number of pregnancies, spacing pregnancies, educational level and antenatal care. Borneo island, CED associated with antenatal care. Sulawesi Island, CED associated with the number of pregnancies, spacing pregnancies, employment status and consumption of iron tablets. Island of Maluku and Papua, CED is not related real with all the variables Binier multiple regression results show that the factors that significantly influence CED in pregnant women in urban areas is the number of pregnancies, educational level and antenatal care. Urban areas is the significant effect of education level, maternal age, pregnancy spacing and number of pregnancies. While a combination of urban and rural areas, which significantly is the number of pregnancies, pregnancy spacing and level of education. The island of Sumatra, which significantly is the number of pregnancies and education level. Java, which significantly is the number of pregnancies. The island of Bali and Nusa Tenggara which significantly is the level of education and distance pregnancy. Borneo island which significantly is the level of education and the status of antenatal care. Sulawesi island influential is the number of pregnancies, spacing pregnancies, employment status, maternal age and tablet consumption Fe. Island of Maluku and Papua, which affects the CED in pregnant women is employment status.